OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 783 



Pegolotti — (Yule cath. 305) may be compared: clove twigs, such as are imported into the Arab coun- 

 tries, were seen by Ebn Batuta in the Malayan archipelago ; and L. caryophyllus, by Loureiro i. 308 

 growing in Anam. The " canelle girofMe," clove-cinnamon, is said in Trevoux diet, to be the inner 

 bark of the "noix giroflee," a tree of Madagascar (Yule 473). 



" 1340 A. D. (= 741 A. H." of Ferisbt, Elph.), the Muslim Empire in Hindustan having reached 

 its farthest limits, Bengal about this time revolted under a Muslim officer, and was never again sub- 

 dued. Coromandel almost immediately followed, and with equal success;— and four years later, 

 Telingana and Carnata. 



"About June 23d" (Blair), near Helvoetsluys, the French defeated in naval combaemth 

 Edward III. of England. 



In this year (= " 14th of Edward III.," Fabyan, chron. lond. 57, and Skeat ed. P. Plowm.), 

 nobles coined, the beginning of "the series of English gold coins." — They "continued the only gold 

 coin till the angels of Edward IV., 1465." 



" The same year " (NicoL), a. synod at Saltzburg. A priest was degraded. 



" In this year" (Garc. de la Vega), Viracocha succeeded by Pachacutec, now ninth Inca of Peru. 

 — He reigned "fifty, or according to some sixty years" (addit. art de verif.). 



Many sayings of the Inca Pachacutec have been preserved, and among them, that "He who 

 attempts to count the stars, not even knowing how to count the marks and knots of the quipus, ought 

 to be held in derision " — (Bias Valera, and G. de la Vega vi. 36). 



Bombax (Eriodendro/i) anfmctuosum of Eastern Equatorial America. A large tree called in 

 Brazilian " zaamonna" (Piso), and known from early times : * — observed in Brazil by Piso ; by Jac- 

 quin am. pi. 176, and Descourtilz, in the West Indies, but no Carib name given, and according to 

 Macfadyen i. 93 is readily propagated by stakes placed in the ground. By European colonists was 

 carried Westward across the Pacific to the Philippines, where it has become well known and is called 

 in Pampango " bulac castila," in Tagalo "boboi," in Bisaya "doldol ; " to the neighbouring islands 

 (Rumph. i. pi. So) ; to Burmah, "exotic" but "often planted, and the floss" on the seed preferred to 

 that of the indigenous cotton-trees (Salmalia) ; to Hindustan, called in Bengalee "shwet-shimool," in 

 Tamil "elavum," in Malabar "pania" or "paniala," in Telinga "poor," in Hindustanee "huttian " 

 (Drur.), observed by Rheede iii pi. 50 in Malabar, by Ainslie, Roxburgh, Wight, and Drury, in other 

 parts of the peninsula, by Graham "in gardens Bombay," but according to Auld seemingly "wild in 

 Kandesh " and called " shameula ; " to Eastern Equatorial Africa, observed by myself planted on 

 Zanzibar, by Grant in " y° 27' S. and 2° N." on the Nile, and called "meesoofee." 



Copaifera "Jacquini of the West Indies. An Amyroid tree yielding copaiva balsam, known from 

 early times : — observed in the West Indies by Jacquin am. pi. S6, and Descourtilz, but no Carib name 

 given. The imported drug according to Lindley is "an acrid, bitter, nauseous liquid resin with stimu- 



* Ionidium poaya of the unwooded portion of Interior Brazil. Suffruticose and very shaggy, its 

 root from early times taken as emetic : — observed by A. Saint-Hilaire rem. 308 in the Western parts 

 of Minas Geraes and elsewhere, its roots substituted for true ipecacuanha, and called "poaya do 

 .campo " (Lindl.). 



Ionidium brcvicatile of Brazil. An allied species from early times used for an emetic; — the 

 powdered bark of the root is rubbed up with sugar and milk: observed by Martius med. pi. 8 

 (Lindl.). 



Ionidium tirlicafolium of Brazil. Also from early times used for an emetic: — observed by 

 Martius med. pi 4 and 9 (Lindl.). 



Cassia hirsuta of Brazil. Called there "fedegozo" (Lindl), and known from early times: — 

 observed by Martius. From transported specimens, described by the younger Linnaeus suppl. 231 

 (Pers.). 



Cassia falcata of Brazil. Known there from early times : — observed by Martius (Lindl ). From 

 transported specimens, described by Linnaeus hort. cliff. 159 (Pers.). 



Acacia mopo of Eastern Equatorial America. A tree called " niopo " by the Guahibos of the 

 Orinoko, "parica" by the Muras and other tribes on the Upper Amazon (Spruce) ; and from early 

 times its seeds roasted, pulverized, and used as stimulant narcotic snuff: — observed by R. Spruce 

 (Mark. edit. Ciez. p. 341). 



Peheromia peltata of Tropical America. Called in Brazil "caa-peba" broad-leaf (Lindl.), and 

 from early times used medicinally, — its fruit in decoction as a powerful diuretic (Dietr., and Mart.). 



Peperomia timbellata of Tropical America. Called in Minas Geraes " caapeba," in Southern 

 Brazil " periparaba " (Lindl.), and from early times its roots used medicinally : — observed in Brazil by 

 Martius trav. ii. 93 ; by Plumier pi. 73, and Swartz, in the West Indies (Pers ); described also by 

 Humboldt and Bonpland n. g. i. 59. 



