786 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



" 1342, May 7th" (Alst., and Nicol.), Benedictus XL succeeded by cardinal Peter Roger, now 

 Clemens VI., forty-second pope. 



" The same year" (Nicol.), a synod at Saumur. A canon, Forbidding " the holding of pleas in 

 churches or their vestibules." 



"The same year" (Blair), in England, "knights and burgesses first sit together in the same 

 house of parliament." 



Ranunculus bulbosus of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain with 

 allied species king-cob or kingcup or gold-cup or butter-cup or crowfoot (Prior), in which we recog- 

 nize the pes COT VI identified in gloss. Sloane v. f. 45 with the rimyS fOte having a yellow 

 flower and "a knobe in the rote " — (Cockayne) : R. bulbosus is described by Valerius Cordus f. 121, 

 Fuchsius, Urzedowa (Spreng.), and Lobel pi. 667 ; is termed " r. pratensis radice verticilli modo 

 rotunda " by Tournelbrt inst. 289 ; and is known to grow in France and throughout middle Europe as 

 far as Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 551. and Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, 

 from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, 

 where it has become naturalized, occurring in Newfoundland, Canada (Hook.), but as yet accord- 

 ing to A. Gray "very abundant only in E. New England, seldom found in the interior." The plant 

 according to Lindley is " exceedingly acrid, raising blisters and producing extensive inflammation" 

 but " not affecting all persons alike." 



Osmunda regalis of Northern Climates. Called in Britain osmund or osmuini the -waterman or 

 flowering fei n, by Brunswyck "osmundi," in the Onus Sanitatis 294 "os mundi," and in a Vocabu- 

 lary in Mayer and Wright p. 139 "bon-wurt " (Prior) : the dichefern of gloss. Sloane v. f.' 40 

 — is referred here by Cockayne : O. regalis is termed " o. vulgaris et palustris " by Tournefort inst. 

 547 ; and is known to grow in wet ground throughout middle and Northern Europe (Engl. bot. pi. 

 209, and Lindl.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp on mount Athos and around Constantinople. 

 Farther East, was observed by Nuttall along the Arkansas ; and by myself in our Atlantic States from 

 Lat. 43 to 38 . 



"July 22d" from Delhi, Ebn Batuta 17 to 19 proceeded South to Kalyur, having a fortress on 

 the top of a high mountain (hill-fort at Gwalior) : Dawlatabad, "one of the greatest and strongest 

 forts in India : " Goa, and Malabar, where " no one travels on beasts of burden, but nobles are car- 

 ried by men " {palanquins) : Hili, the termination of the voyage of ships of China, after touching 

 only at " Kalicut and Kawlan," near the point of the peninsula.* — After waiting until Spring, Ebn 

 Batuta was left behind, and being unwilling to return to Delhi, proceeded aiter a while to the Maldive 

 Islands (Yule cath. 416;. 



At the Maldive Islands, " wada " or coiui ics (Cypraea monetas) were used instead of coin; and 

 were exported to Bengal. The islanders had been converted (from Christianity, see Abu Zeid) to 

 Islamism by Abu'l Barakat, a Mo^nel.ine (or Barlurv Arab). 



"The same year" (art de verif. ), Koutchouk succeeded by Schahabeddin ; and before the close 

 of the year, by Emadeddin, fourteenth Memluk sultan of Egypt. 



" 1344 A. D." (art de verif.), Emadeddin succeeded by Schaban-Kamel, fifteenth Memluk sultan 

 of Egypt. 



"August" (Ebn B. 21, and Yule cath. 422), Ebn Batuta leaving the Maldive Islands for Ceylon. 

 He next proceeded to the neighbouring portion of Hindustan, — and sailing Eastward in a Chinese 

 "junk," some of which are large enough to contain "a thousand men," was captured by "infidel 

 Hindus " in " twelve war-vessels," and carried to Bengal. But at length, he reached Java and the 

 city of Shumutrah ; where the Muslim king "gave permission to go to China, a thing he is not always 

 prepared to grant, and put him on board a junk." 



" 1344 or 1345 A. D." (Nicol.), a synod in Armenia. On the errors of the Armenian church. 

 " 1345 A. D." (Nicol. brit nav., and Humb. cosm. v.), at the outfit of the George, the royal ship 

 of king Edward III., "sixteen hour-glasses" were purchased in Flanders. 



About the close of the year, Ebn Batuta arriving at Zaitun in China, where he re-joined the 

 Embassy. In all the provinces of China, Ebn Batuta i.S to 23 found a town for the Muslims, who 

 are made much of by the Tartar emperors ; and at El Khansa, he found Jews, Christians, and 

 " Turks who worship the sun" (Parsees). Paper- money was in use : and if anything was not entered 

 in the register of all the goods in a vessel, the vessel and freightage were forfeited. The Chinese 



* Dolichos Sinensis of the Malayan Archipelago. In Hindustan called " choulee " or " hurrea 

 lobeh " or "suffeed lobeh ; " the " lubia " seen there by Ebn Batuta — may be compared: D. Sinen- 

 sis was observed in Hindustan by Rheede viii. pi. 41, Roxburgh, Wight, and is enumerated by Gra- 

 ham as "commonly cultivated" in the region around Bombay. Farther East, is described by Blanco 

 as well known in the Philippines, and called in Tagalo "quibal." 



