788 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"Apr. 23d" (Blair), the "Order of the garter" instituted as a mark of distinction by Edward III. 

 of England. 



"In this year" (Major edit. Zen. p. Ixv and 53), Ivar Bardsen, a Greenlander and procurator 

 of Garda, one of those sent by the governor to expel the Skrellings (Esquimaux) from the West 

 Bygd, separated from the Eastern portion of the colony by an uninhabited tract of "twelve nautical 

 miles." They "found no man either Christian or heathen, but only some cattle and sheep running 

 wild." 



Fruits large as certain " eble " apples and of excellent flavour according to Ivar Bardsen grow 

 on the mountains and plains of Greenland — (Oxycoccus palustris). The other wild fruits known to 

 grow in Greenland are I'accinium nli\inosiim, V. vitis-Idaea, and Comas Suecica. 



"Middle of the Fourteenth century" (Bataillard), Gypsies already in Wallachia, and held there 

 as slaves. — Spreading from Moldavia into Hungary, they received the protection of king Sigismund 

 "in 1417," and became known in Europe. In Wallachia (Paspati in Amer. Orient, soc. vii.), the 

 Gypsies continued in the state of slavery until 1837; and in Moldavia, until 1S44. 



"1350 A. D." (Pallegoix, and Mason iii. 68), beginning of the chronicles of the Siamese; who 

 separating from Cambodia, now become an independent nation.* 



" In this year" (Klapr. note to San-kokf), A-y succeeded by Zai-to, of the Sio or Chang family, 

 and now king of the Loo Choo Islands ; \ the " ninth " of the Tame-tomo dynasty. — His family con- 

 tinues reigning to the present day. 



"The same year" (Crawfurd vii. 11), the king of Ternate instructed by an Arab adventurer in 

 the Arabic language and in ship-building. 



From early times (De Morga 205, and 2S5 to 342), small vessels from Borneo in the Southwest 

 monsoon visiting Luzon, bringing among other articles "fine camphor which is produced in that 

 island" (Dryobalanops), "sago," and "' tibors and large and small jars, glazed black, very fine, of 

 much durability and use." " Amongst the natives" on Luzon are to be found "large jirs of very 

 ancient earthenware, of a dark colour" and unknown origin, but having "marks and seals;" these 

 jars are sold at a high price to the Japanese, who have found out that tea " does not keep or last 

 except in these jars:" "old earthen-ware, of unknown origin, imported from Manilla or Siam, etc., 

 was highly valued" in Japan — (Jap. centen. comm. 108). Boyle 93 found among the Dyaks of 

 Borneo the best quality of tibor jars called "gusih " valued at "fifteen hundred to three thousand 

 dollars, the second kind four hundred dollars" (note to Stanley edit. De Morga 285). 



The city of Manila probably therefore in existence. J 



As early possibly as this date (see addit. art de verif.), by the Inca Pachacutec, conquest of the 



* Blumea grandis of the Siamese countries. "An impure camphor" made by the people of 

 Tavoy from the "pung-ma-theing" weed, as early perhaps as this date : — Mason v. p. 4.S3 further 

 states, that the weed "grows six to eight feet high," and abounds throughout Burmah, springing up 

 wherever the forest is removed; is described by Wallich ; but " O'Riley was the first" to refine the 

 product, and manufacture an article pronounced by competent judges identical in all its properties 

 with Chinese camphor. 



f Rhus succedanea of the Loo Choo Islands. The wax tree, called in China "niu-tching" 

 (Camp.), originally imported from the Loo Choo Islands — (according to Jap. centen. comm. 56), 

 but at present cultivated all over Japan, as well as in China (Campion addit. Stan. Jul) : "the art 

 of candle-maki?ig is said to have been introduced from Loo Choo" into Japan "towards the end of 

 the Sixteenth century : " R. succedanea was observed in Japan by Thunberg. Transported to Europe, 

 is termed " toxicodendrum altissimum " by Miller. 



The wnx insect (....) became known in China and was first placed on R. succedanea under 

 the Youen dynasty (Nong-tching-tsiouen-chou, Li-chi-tchin, Siu-kouang-ki, and Campion add. Stan. 

 Jul. industr. chin.). 



Lignstrum ibota of Japan. A wax insect feeding on it " very much like or perhaps identical with 

 the Chinese pela," — secreting "lumps of a slightly transparent white wax of a crystalline construc- 

 tion, and a very high melting point," but "of little industrial importance, not being abundant" (Jap. 

 centen. comm. 57). 



Cinnamomum peduncidatnm of Japan. A tree "yielding a kind of vegetable tallow," — but 

 at present "seldom cultivated," on account of its evergreen foliage casting "too much shadow" 

 on "plants cultivated underneath" (Jap. centen. comm. 56): observed in Japan by Thunberg 177 

 (Pers.). 



X Ixora manila of the Philippines. A shrub or small tree, growing among the mangroves, and 

 called in Tagalo "nilar" or " nilad " (Blanco); and giving its name to the new city, "manilad" 

 signifying a place where this tree abounds : — observed by Blanco. 



