790 CHRONpLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Rosa multiflora of Japan and China. Climbing with diminutive flowers; and the "eglantine" 

 described by English writers of the Fourteenth century as a trellis shrub, — termed "eglatere" 

 by Chaucer fl. and 1. 3, and according to Gerarde and other early herbalists having white flowers 

 (Prior), maybe compared: R. multiflora is described by Duhamel, Poiret, and Curtis bot. mag. pi. 

 1059. Eastward, was observed by Lush under cultivation at Dapooree near Bombay (Graham) ; by 

 Thunberg, in Japan. By European colonists was carried to Northeast America, where it continues 

 in gardens. 



" 1357 A. D." (Alst. p. 226), Orchan succeeded by his son Murad or Amurath, third Turkish 

 sultan. 



1359 A. D. (= 1355 -\- "4 years," art de verif.), Takaudsi succeeded by his son Josisaki, now 

 cubo of Japan; to whom the title ofdai-seogun was confirmed by Kouo-gen II., — and subsequently, 

 to his successor Joosimitz. 



" In or about this year" (Nicholaus Brigan coll., and Way appen. pr. pm.), the Campus Florum 

 vocabulary* compiled at Miram vallem ; a place much frequented by devout monks. 



Carex arenaria of Northern Europe and Asia. Called in Britain with other rigid species stare 

 or star/; in Denmark " star " or " star-gras " (Prior), in Iceland a rigid kind " stor " (Ihre, and Way), 

 in which we recognize the "stare" or " cegge " identified by Galfridus pr. pm. with the C^r IX of 

 the C. F. vocabulary — ( Way) : C. arenaria is described by Micheli pi. 33. f. 4 ; is known to grow in 

 drifting sand from the Mediterranean and the Atlantic shore of France as far as Sweden (Pers., and 

 Wats.) ; was observed on Iceland by Hooker. 



Carcx paludosa of Northern Europe and Asia. — The " segge " or " star of the fen " of Galfridus 

 pr. pm., may be compared: C. paludosa is described by Goodenough ; is termed "c. rigens " by 

 Thuillier; and is known to grow in marshes throughout middle Europe (Curt lond. iv. pi. 61, and 

 Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in marshes around Constantinople. 



Treiiiella nostoc of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in Britain star-shot or star-jelly, and the 

 &.SSLlb of the C. F. vocabulary, — identified by Galfridus pr. pm. with "sterre slyme," is referred 

 here by Way : T. nostoc is termed " t. terrestris sinuosa pinguis et fugax " bv Dillenius muse. pi. 10 ; 

 and is known to make its appearance after rain throughout Western Europe (Engl. bot. pi. 460). 

 Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in Greece, on the island of Zacynthus 



"The same year" (De Wailly pi. ix. 4), the colon (:) used in manuscripts of this date. 



"1360 A. D." (Hakl., and Churchill coll.), Nicholas of Linn, a friar and astronomer, sailing to 

 "the most Northern islands of the world; where leaving his company he travelled alone, and made 

 draughts of all those northern parts, which at his return he presented to king Edward III." — Four 

 other voyages were made "into those parts" by Nicholas of Linn. 



" 1361 A. D." (art de verif.), Hassan succeeded by Mohammed El-Mansur, eighteenth Memluk 

 sultan of Egypt. A gold coin issued at Cairo by Mohammed El-Mansur, is figured in Marcel p. 174. 



" The same year " (Siguenz., Cavig. giving 1353), Acamapitzin elected king by the Aztecs : the 

 beginning of the Mexican empire, t 



* Saxifraga aizoides of Arctic and Subarctic climates. With other species called in Britain .f<»7- 

 frage (Prior), and perhaps included in the S^XIfrkgl urn or S&.X I f r kg I a. of the C. F. vocabu- 

 lary, — identified by Galfridus pr. pm. with the " saxifrage herbe : " S. aizoides is described by Lin- 

 naeus ; is known to grow on the Pyrenees and mountains of Switzerland and middle Europe, and 

 from Scotland and Ireland throughout Northern Europe to Lapland, Spitzbergen, and Iceland (Smith 

 brit. i. p. 432, Pers., Hook., Dec , and Wats.). Farther West, was observed by Parry on Igloolik in 

 the Arctic Sea; is known to grow at Lat. 64° in central North America, and farther South on the 

 Rocky mountains (Hook.), in Labrador and Newfoundland (Pursh), in Northern Michigan and on 

 Willoughby mountain in Vermont, ceasing at about 43 30' "near Oneida Lake" (A. Cray). 



Alu.ts incana of Subarctic climates. Called in 1,'ritain hoary alder or in the North eller (Way), 

 and the "oryelle tre" identified by Galfridus pr. pm. with the J.LnuS of the C. F. vocabulary,— 

 may be compared : A. incana is termed " a. folio incano " by Parkinson p. 1409 ; and is known to grow 

 from France throughout Northern Europe (Pers.). Eastward, was observed by Chamisso in Kam- 

 tchatka and on the opposite American coast at Kotzebue's Sound, by Mertens at Norfolk Sound; 

 farther East, is known to grow from Wisconsin to New England and on the Alleghanies in Pennsyl- 

 vania (Pursh, A. F. Mx, Nutt., and A. Cray) ; has been observed by myself from Lat. 48 on the 

 Lower St. Lawrence along the Atlantic ceasing at about Lat. 41° 30' beyond Boston. 



f Piqneria trinervia of Mexico. A small Ageratum-like herb called in Mexican " xoxonitztal " 

 or "yoloxiltic" (Lindl.), and from early times used as a remedy in intermittent fevers : — observed 

 by Mocino and Sesse" on rocks near Santa Rosa de la Sierra, Xalapa, and many other parts ; and 

 according to Steudel was known to Ruiz in Peru. Transported to Europe, is described by Jacquin 

 eel. i. pi. 48, and Cavanilles iii. pi. 235 (Pers.). 



