OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 8oi 



Triticum villosum of the East Mediterranean and Tauro-Caspian countries. Called in Greece 

 "agriosSkali " (Sibth.), and the "great quantities of rye" seen by Clavijo among ruins at the base of 

 Ararat, growing " as if it had been sown by man, but it was useless and did not come to grain," — may 

 be compared : T. villosum is termed "gramen spicatum secalinum glumis villosis in aristas longissi- 

 mas desinentibus " by Tournefort inst. 518, " secale villosum" by Linnaeus ; is known to grow along the 

 Taurian mountains (Bieb.) ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, on Crete and the Pelopon- 

 nesus ; by Schleicher, as far as Switzerland (Pers., and Steud.). 



"Oct. 17th" (Alst., and Nicol.), Bonifacius IX. succeeded by cardinal Cosmo de Migliori, now 

 Innocentius VII., forty-eighth pope. Rupertus Palatinus ruling Germany and Italy; Henry IV., 

 England; and Robert III., Scotland. 



"Oct. 21st" (Nicol.), a synod at Paris. Eight articles were "made, For the conservation of the 

 privileges of the church during the Schism." 



" In this year (= 2d year young-lo," Remus, iii. 95), An ambassador with tribute sent to China 

 by Thsan-liei-pho-pi-ya, king of Cambodia; also three of his own subjects, in exchange for three 

 Chinese deserters who could not be found. The men were sent back to Cambodia by the Chinese 

 emperor. 



" T405 A D. (= 3d year young-lo," Remus, iii. 95), Chinese officials sent to Cambodia to attend 

 the obsequies of the king, and instal his eldest son Thsan-liei-tchao-phing-ya as successor. 



"Feb. 17th" (Markham p. 1, and 187), death of Timour. His son Shah Rokh, governor of 

 Khorassan, — became sultan at Samarcand "in 1408," and continued to rule in peace and order until 

 his own death " in 1446." 



" 1406, on the feast of St. Martin" (Nicol.). a synod at Paris of all the clergy of France, "For 

 the termination of the Schism." Obedience was withdrawn from the antipope Benedictus. 



"Nov. 30th" (Nicol.), Innocentius VII. succeeded by cardinal Angelo Corrario, now Grego- 

 rius XII., unanimously elected forty-ninth pope. James ruling Scotland. 



" In or about this' year" (Danish chron., and Relat. du Groenl. 212), bishop Andrew sent from 

 Drontheim to Greenland for tidings of bishop Henry, or to succeed him if he were not living: — but 

 neither of the two bishops were afterwards heard of. 



The provinces of Caxas and Huancabamba, South of Loxa, conquered by the Inca Yuqanqui. 

 A fortress, temple, and other extensive buildings were erected, — remains of which were seen by Cieza 

 de Leon lviii. 



"1408, Apr. 28th" (Nicol.), a synod at Rheims. "On the means of remedying the disorders 

 caused by the Schism, and on discipline." 



"Aug. nth to Nov. 5th" (Nicol.), Third national synod of France: in session at Paris. The 

 bearers of a Bull from the antipope Benedictus were ignominiously punished, and deputies were named 

 for a general synod at Pisa. 



" In this year (= 6th year young-lo," Remus, iii. 96), tribute sent to China from Cambodia. 



1409 A. D. = " 1334 an. jav., Rabiulawal 12th, Monday" (Raffles x.), death of the Arab mis- 

 sionary Mulana Ibrahim. (The date probably taken from his tomb at Gresik in Java.) 



"Jan. 14th " (Nicol.), a synod at Oxford. Rules were made "for the preachers and professors 

 of the universities, on account of the new opinions of" Wiclef. 



" March 25th to Aug. 7th " (Alst., and Nicol.), a general synod at Pisa : convened by the cardi- 

 nals The two rival popes not making their appearance, were declared deposed ; and on the " 15th or 

 26th of June," cardinal Peter of Candia or Alexander V. was elected their successor by the cardinals 

 of both parties. The proceedings however were not recognized by the two popes in office, and before 

 the close of the session, Gregorius XII. in a synod near Udine pronounced the election "null and 



sacrilegious." , , ,. 



Translating the Scriptures into the languages of the people, condemned by pope Alexander V. ; 

 who farther in a special edict forbade explaining them in English (Alst. p. 397)- 



"The same year" (Way pref. pr. pm. xxxv), among the books of Charles V. of France, his 

 prayer-book contains the dot over the letter i - (Silvestre), the latest important improvement in 

 Typography^^ ^^ Co , ebrooke as res _ jx 438)) date o£ an inscr i p tion on copper, 



apparently a grant of land from Bucca Raja II., third in succession from the first king of that name. 



"In this year" (Finn Magnussen, and Major edit. Zen. p. Ixv), Andreas, last bishop of Green- 

 land officiatin"- in the cathedral at Gardar. 

 * Cad " (Alst.) Suliman succeeded by his brother Muse Gilibi, sixth Turk 1S h sultan 



" May 17th " (Alst., and Nicol.), Alexander V. succeeded by cardinal Balthasar Cossa or Joan- 

 nes XXIII fiftv-first pope. In opposition to Gregorius XII. 



The "Imago mundi," an encyclopedic work by Petrus de Alliaco, in this year toshop of Cambray 



(Humb. cosm.). 



