8o2 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"The same year" (Clavig., and Humb. atl. pict.), Huitzilihuitl succeeded by Chimalpopoca, third 

 Mexican emperor.* 



" 141 1 A. D." (voyag. Belg.), from Riga journeying through Courland, Guillebert de Lannoy met 

 with Christians who retained the practice of burning the dead, with accompanying superstitious ob- 

 servances. At Novogorod, women were sold in the market. In Lithuania, through the efforts of the 

 Teutonic military Order of monks, the people had already adopted Christianity ; Witholt being duke. 



— Returning after ten years absence, he found Witholt leagued with the followers of Huss, m opposi- 

 tion to the church of Rome. 



" 1412 A. D. (= 815 A. H." of Ferisht, Elph.), Mozaffer Shah succeeded by Ahmed Shah, now 

 second Muslim king of Guzerat (remarkable among the States of Hindustan for being a naval 

 power). 



" In this year" (art de verif.), Faradj succeeded by Shekh Mahmoudi ; who partly through the 

 interference of the spiritual khalif Moslain, now became twenty-fourth Memluk sultan. Shekh Mah- 

 moudi (according to Wilkinson theb. and eg. p. 555) coined the moaiudee as a substitute for the 

 para. 



The mosque Moaiud, one of the principal ones in Cairo, was built by Shekh Mahmoudi (Wilk. 



theb. and eg). 



Melilotus Itidica of the plains of Hindustan. Brought to Egypt as early probably as this date : 



— observed there by Forskal, and Delile, growing around Cairo, Alexandria, and Rosetta. and called 

 "rekrak" or "nafal." Farther North, observed by D'Urville, and Bory, on the Greek islands and in 

 the Peloponnesus ; and Westward, described by Plukenet aim. pi. 45 ; was observed by Sibthorp in 

 Sicily ; by Desibntaines, and Schousboe, in Algeria and Morocco ; and is known to grow spontane- 

 ously in Southern France, and even in Britain (All., Dec. fl. fr., Pers., and Wats.). Eastward from 

 Egypt, was observed by Roxburgh, and Wight, in Hindustan, and according to Graham "on pasture 

 grounds etc. appears in the cold season." From Europe, was carried by colonists to Northeast 

 America, where it has been found growing spontaneously (Torr., and A. Dec). " M. parviflora, 

 sulcata," and " Mauritania," are regarded as probably not distinct. 



Melilotus Ita/ica, regarded as distinct, — is described by Commelyn liort pi. 29; is termed 

 "m. italica folliculis rotundis" by Tournefort inst. 407; was observed in Italy by Tenore, and by 

 Desibntaines ii. 192 in Barbary. Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, in the 

 Peloponnesus and the environs of Athens ; and by Bieberstein, along the Taurian mountains. 



"From the end of the year to June 18th" following (Nicol.), a synod in Rome. Against the 

 writings of Wiclef. 



" 1413 A. D." (Alst ), Muse Gilibi succeeded by his brother Mohammed, seventh Turkish 

 sultan. 



"The same year (= 2073d of Synmu," art de verif ), Gokomatz succeeded by his son Seokouo, 

 now dairo of Japan.t 



" 1414, Nov. 16th '' (Alst., and Nicol.), "Seventeenth general ecclesiastical Council. Convened 

 at Constance. "Deputies and lay doctors" were allowed a deliberative voice : — and in a second 

 session, "March 3d" following, the pope solemnly published his act of cession; "May 29th," 

 Joannes XXIII. was deposed; and "July 4th," Gregorius XII. abdicated. "July 6th,'' a decree, 

 "That faith is not to be kept with heretics," and John Huss condemned to be burned. "July 26th, 

 141 7," Benedictus was declared deposed, but refused to submit to the authority of the Council ; and 

 "Nov. nth'' in the "forty-first" session, a new pope was elected; the Council ending "Apr. 

 22d, 1418." 



In this year (= " 12th year young-lo," Remus iii. 96), tribute sent to China from Cambodia. 

 Complaint was made of invasions by the Anamese, repeatedly interrupting communication, and a 

 Chinese official returned with the envoys bearing an order to the king of An.tm to cease hostilities. 



* Cissampelos pareira of "the West India Islands and Spanish Main." The " pareira brava " or 

 velvet-leaf is a twining Menispermoid plant ; its root from early times used medicinally, — being "a 

 well-known tonic, and diuretic" (Lindl.) ; C pareira was observed in the West Indies by Alcedo, 

 Plumier pi. 93, Swartz pi. 10, and Descourtilz. By European colonists was carried across the Pacific 

 to the Philippines, continues according to Blanco hardly known but is called in Ylocano "cuscusipa," 

 at Agoo " calaad," at Batangas " calacalamayan," and on Cebu "batangbatang; " to Hindustan, where 

 it is called in Hindustanee " dukh-nirbisee " (Drur.), and has become "common in hedges " from 

 Bombay to Rajmahal and Nepaul (Roxb., Royle, and Graham). 



f Celasti us alatus of Japan. A shrub well-known there, and from early times offers of marriage 

 made by affixing a branch to the house of the damsel's parents — (Jap. matin. 179) ; C. alatus was 

 observed in Japan by Thunberg 98 (Pers.). 



