OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 805 



along the Atlantic from 45 to 38 , growing on the moist upland as well as in swamps ; by Elliot, in 

 South Carolina; by Baldwin, Croom, and Chapman, as far as 30 in Florida; by Darby, on Pearl 

 river ; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas and Upper Missouri ; by Long's Expedition, to 49° on Red river 



Southern in its range, was observed by Michaux in Virginia and Carolina, by Schweinitz at 36 , by 

 Nuttall in Georgia, by N. A. Ware in Florida, by Baldwin as far as 31° ; and this or both by Chap- 

 man in "swamps, Florida to Mississippi, and northward." 



Cerasus Virginiana of North America. The choke cherry, an arborescent shrub called by the 

 New England natives "quussuckomineanug " (R. Williams), and known from early times: — "red" 

 cherries "which grow on clusters like grapes," are "much smaller than our English cherry," and "so 

 furre the mouth that the tongue will cleave to the roof," were seen by W. Wood i. 5 near Plymouth : 

 C. Virginiana is known to grow on Newfoundland and throughout Canada to 62 , the Rocky moun- 

 tains, and beyond (Hook.) ; has been observed by myself from 46 on the St. Lawrence to nearly 41° 

 on the Atlantic ; by Elliot, on the mountains of South Carolina ; by Chapman, in " light sandy soil, 

 Georgia and northward." Transported " from Virginia " to Europe, is described by Linnaeus, and is 

 termed "p. rubra" by Aiton (Pers.). 



Primus America.7ia of Northeast America. The Canada plum from early times planted by the 

 New England natives, and doubtless the dried " prunes " called " honesta " — seen by Cartier in 

 Chaleur Bay, in the canoes of a distant tribe of natives : " plumbs," " black and yellow, about the 

 bigness of damsons, of a reasonable good taste," were seen by W. Wood in Eastern Massachusetts : 

 P. Americana is termed " p. hyemalis " by Michaux, its fruit being edible in winter (Pers.) ; was 

 observed by Pursh along the Chaudiere and on the Alleghanies of Virginia and Carolina ; by myself, 

 only under cultivation in New England ; but by A. Gray, on " river-banks, common " in Central New 

 York, its fruit "yellow, orange, or red," and "pleasant-tasted, but with a tough and acerb skin ; " by 

 Darlington, in Southern Pennsylvania ; by Elliot, in Carolina ; and by Chapman, in "woods, Florida 

 to Mississippi, and northward." 



Prunus maritima of Northeast America. The beach plum, included perhaps in the dried 

 "prunes" — seen by Cartier in the canoes of a distant tribe of natives; probably the "prune" seen 

 by Varrazzanus in approaching the Latitude of "41° 40';" and clearly the "black" plums seen by 

 W.Wood in Eastern Massachusetts : P. maritima has been observed by myself on the seashore from 

 43 to 39 ; by Michaux, on the seashore from New England to Virginia (Pers.) ; by Pursh, on the 

 seashore from New Jersey to Carolina. 



Rubus strigosus of North America. The American raspberry, its fruit from early times eaten by 

 the natives ; — clearly the " franboysses " seen by Cartier around Chaleur Bay, and the " aboundance of 

 rasberries " seen by John Mason on Newfoundland : R. strigosus was observed by Michaux in Can- 

 ada and on the mountains of Pennsylvania (Pers ) ; by Pursh, as far as the Alleghanies of Virginia; 

 by myself, from 47° on the Lower St. Lawrence to 39 along the Atlantic; by Nuttall, along the Lakes 

 of the St. Lawrence ; and according to Hooker, grows on Newfoundland and throughout Canada to 

 the Saskatchewan and the Columbia river. 



Rubus Occidentalis of North America. The thimbleberry or black raspberry, its fruit from early 

 times eaten by the natives : — R. Occidentalis was observed by Michaux in Canada and on the Alle- 

 ghanies to Carolina ; by myself, from 45° to 40 along the Atlantic; by Schweinitz, at 36 in Upper 

 Carolina ; by Chapman, " along the mountains, Georgia and northward ; " by Short, in Kentucky ; by 

 Nuttall, on the Arkansas ; and according to Hooker, grows from Quebec to the Rocky mountains and 

 the shores of the Pacific. Transported to Europe, is described by Dillenius elth. pi. 287, and Linnasus. 



Hamamelis Viiginica of North America. A large shrub called by the colonists witch hazel, 

 and from early times its bark applied by the natives "to painful tumors and external inflammations" 



. (Cutl. p. 412): H. Yirginica was received by Hooker from the river-isle of Orleans at 47 ; was 



observed by myself from 43° to 38 along the Atlantic ; by Catesby app. 2, in Virginia ; by Elliot, in 

 South Carolina; by Baldwin, and N. A. Ware, in Florida; by Chapman, "Florida to Mississippi;" 

 by Short, in Kentucky; and was received from "Mississippi" by Muhlenberg. 



Aralia racemosa of Northeast America. A large straggling woodland herb, aromatic and called 

 by the colonists spikenard (A." Gray), "said to have been much used" by the natives in former 

 times "for medical purposes" — (Cutl. p. 432): was observed by Michaux in Canada and on the 

 Alleghanies ; by myself, from 43 along the Atlantic ; by Conrad, and Darlington, at 40 ; by Elliot, 

 on the Alleghanies of Carolina; by Chapman, on those of Georgia; by Short, in Kentucky; by E. 

 James, alon°- the base of the Rocky mountains ; and was received by Hooker from the Saskatchewan. 

 Transported to Europe, is termed " racemosa Canadensis " by Cornuti pi. 75, is described also by 

 Morison i. pi. 2. f. 9. 



Aralia nudicaulis of Northeast America. A woodland herb called by the colonists sarsaparilla, 



