810 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



the St. Lawrence ; and " ewe " trees, by Hudson in ascending the river that bears his name : A. 

 Canadensis was observed by F. A. M.chaux from Lat. 51 throughout New Brunswick and Nova 

 Scotia, and on the Alleghanie.s of our Southern States ; by myself, from 46° to 40 along the Atlantic ; 

 by Schweinitz, near Germanton in North Carolina ; by Chapman, on "high mountains of North Caro- 

 lina, and northward ;" by Short, in Kentucky; by Long's Expedition ii. 81, as far as 50 on Lake 

 Winnipeg ; by E. James, at the sources of the Arkansas on the Rocky mountains ; and by Drum- 

 mond, to°53° on the West side of these mountains. The bark for tanning has become well known in 

 commerce. 



Larix Americana of Subarctic America. The hackmatack or American larch, its bark some- 

 times substituted in making plasters by the New England natives — (Joss. 62) : the '• lereckhout " is 

 enumerated by J. Mason among the trees of Newfoundland : L. Americana was observed by Herzberg 

 in Labrador as far as 57 (Meyer); by Richardson, at Point Lake: by F. A. Michaux, from Lake 

 Mistassins to the Alleghanies in Virginia ; by myself, from 47 to 42° along the Atlantic ; by Torrey as 

 far as 41 on the Hudson ; by Pursh, in Pennsylvania ; by Long's Expedition ii. Si, to 50° on Lake 

 Winnipeg ; by Drummond, to 54 near the Rocky mountains ; by myself on the mount Ranier ridge ; 

 and by Georgi, along the Pacific opposite Kamtchatka. The timber is highly valued for ship-building, 

 but is not plentiful. 



Cupressus thnioides of Northeast America. The white cedar from early times known to the 

 natives around Massachusetts Bay, their light canoes " made of birch rindes and sowed together with 

 the rootes of white cedar-trees " — (Johns, wond. prov. S) : " cipressi " were seen by Varrazzanus after 

 leaving the opening and before reaching 4i°4o'; "cipres," by Higgeson near Salem (hist. coll. i. 117 

 to 125) ; and the "mournefull cypres tree" of Massachusetts Bay, is distinguished by W. Wood i. 5 

 from the " cedar " with red wood : C. thuioides has been observed by myself in bogs, forming " cedar- 

 swamps " along the Atlantic from 43° to 3S° ; by Croom, as far as Newbern ; by F. A. Michaux, not 

 South of the Santee ; by Chapman, in " swamps, Florida, and northward ; " by Sheppard, in Canada ; 

 and according to A. Gray grows from " Eastern Massachusetts to Ohio ; " according to Hooker, as 

 far as Fort Cumberland, Lat. 54°. Its "light durable wood" well known in commerce. 



Erai*ro<tis capillaris of Northeast America. An annual autumnal grass, possibly introduced 

 into New England by the aboriginal tribes : * — observed by myself in sunny situations in the envi- 

 rons of Salem, chiefly about cultivated ground ; by Pursh, from Canada to Florida; by A. Gray, in 

 "sandy dry soil and fields, common, especially southward;" by Chapman, in "dry uncultivated 

 fields, Florida, and northward ; '' was received by Kunth from North America, Hayti, Jamaica, and 

 Chili. Transported to Europe, is described by Morison viii pi. (">, is termed " gramen paniculatum 

 vir^inianum locustis minimis" by Tournefort inst. 522, and observed by Sibthorp "in Bithynia " in 

 Asia Minor. 



" 1419 A. D. (= 17th year young-lo," Remus, iii. 07), an epistle in letters of gold accompanying 

 elephants and productions of the country sent to China by Thsan-liei-tchao-phing-ya, king of Cam- 

 bodia. 



" 1420 A. D." (Alst.), Joannes VII. succeeded by Joannes VIII., by consent of the Turks, sixty- 

 eighth Byzantine emperor. 



"June" (Major pr. H. 5S), returning to Porto Santo, Zarco discovered a dark line towards the 

 South-west, and supposing it to be fog resting on forests, sailed in that direction and re-discovered 

 the island of Madeira. He found the tomb and wooden cross left by Machin's party, but no signs of 

 inhabitants. Continuing along the coast, he entered with his sloops "a little creek sheltered by a 

 rock," and "disturbed the repose of a troop of sea wolves " (seats), "which fled into a cavern at the 



* Eragrostis tenuis of Northeast America. An autumnal grass distinguished from the preced- 

 ing by more numerous florets and long hairs in the axils of branches of the panicle, but possibly also 

 introduced into New England by the aboriginal tribes ; — observed by myself in the same situations 

 with the preceding in the environs of Salem, and as far as Philadelphia : by Curtis, in North Caro- 

 lina; by Elliot, at Greenville in South Carolina; by Nuttall, on the Arkansas, and termed " poa 

 trichodes;" and according to A. Gray, grows in "sandy soil, Illinois, Virginia? and southward." 

 From transported specimens, is termed "e. Geyeri " by Steudel. 



Juuciis tennis of Northeast America. A rush possibly also carried North of its natural limits 

 by the aboriginal tribes :— termed "j. bicornis" by Michaux, as observed in Carolina and Georgia ; 

 observed by myself from 43° to 3S along the Atlantic, frequent in grass-grown clearings and espe- 

 cially along roadsides ; by Elliot, in South Carolina ; by Chapman, in " Florida, and northward ; " by 

 Short, in Kentucky ; by Nuttall, and Pitcher, in Arkansas. Transported to Europe, is described by 

 Rostk. pi. i, has been found on Clova mountain (Wats.), and according to Hooker in other parts of 

 Europe. 



