8l2 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



thence about fifty to the river Maulli in " S. Lat. 34 30'." According however to Molina, the limit 

 was somewhat farther North at the river Rapel ; where the remains of a Peruvian fortress are extant. 



Wuitera Chilensis of Chili. Arborescent, called in Chilian "boighe," and from early times held 

 sacred by the Araucanians,* — who carry branches in religious ceremonies (Feuill., and Molin.) : 

 observed by myself in mountain-ravines back of Valparaiso, not exceeding the dimensions of a large 

 shrub, and clearly distinct from the Fuegian species ; may prove however the species known to grow 

 on the mountains of Peru and New Grenada (Linn. f. suppl. 269, and Humb. and Bonpl. i. pi. 58). 

 Doubtless furnishes a portion of the Winter's bark of druggists, imported into Brazil under the name 

 of " casca d'anta" and much used against colic, known also in Europe "as an aromatic tonic," warm 

 and pungent (Lindl.). 



"1426 A. D. = 'hiouan-te,' 1st year of Hiouan-tsoung-tchang-ti," or Hiouan-tsoung II. or 

 Siouan-tsoung II., "of the Ming" or Twenty-third dynasty — (Chinese chron. table, and Pauth.). 



" In this year " (Burm. hist., and Mason 27), Mukka, son of Theha and king of Pegu, taking the 

 title of Dhamma-raza. He made munificent offerings to the pagoda at Rangoon. 



1427 A. D. (= "six years " before the visit of Brocquiere), conquest of Servia by the Turks. 

 • — Brocquiere found the Servians belonging to '■ the Greek church." 



" 1428 A. D." (Burm. hist., and Mason 65), the king of Toungoo, in alliance with the king of 

 Pegu and Talaing forces, warring against the Burmese. They captured Prome at this time the capital 

 of the Burman empire. 



"Oct. 12th '' (Blair), beginning of the siege of Orleans; the first blow to English power in 

 France. Joan d'Arc having distinguished herself as a warrior in the defence of the city, — after two 

 years was taken prisoner by an officer of the duke of Burgundy, was sold to the English, and burned 

 (Brocq., and T. Wright). 



" 1429 A. D." (ann. Jap., & art de verif.), Seokouo or Seo-kuo succeeded by Gofunnazo, now 

 " one hundred and third " (or omitting those who reigned twice, one hundred and first) dairo of Japan. \ 



" The same year " (Nicol.), a synod at Riga. Deputies were " sent to the pope, To complain of 

 the oppression of that church." 



The city of Sibir, at the junction of the Sibirka and Irtich, probably at this time in existence. — 

 Muller and Gmelin on visiting the site, "twenty-three versts " from Tobolsk, found only an old ruined 

 wall (Pall. trav. ii. 525). 



Paeonia anomala of Siberia. Called on the Obi " mariin koren " (Pall.), and from early times 

 employed medicinally : — observed by Gmelin fl. iv. pi 72 in Siberia ; by Pallas trav. ii. 345 on the 

 Vagran tributary of the Obi. 



Ferula Sibcrica of the Uralian plains. Called by the Russians on the Upper Irtich " oukrop " 

 (Pall.), and known from early times: — observed by Pallas ii. 545 near Jamyschewa, flowering in 

 June ; by Sokolof, in sands between the Volga and Yaik, ripe seeds on the dried stems in July. 



Seditm spinosum of the Uralian plains. Called on the Irtich " repki," its leaves agreeably acid, 

 and from early times eaten crude — (Pall.) : observed by Gmelin iv. pi. 67 in Siberia ; by Pallas i. to 

 iii. 123 from the Lower Volga to and beyond Omsk. 



Caragana halodendron of the Uralian plains. A thorny bush called by the Russians on the 

 Upper Irtich " ternevnik " (Pall.), and known from early times : — observed by Gmelin iv. 15 n. 19 in 

 Siberia ; by Pallas iii. 153 to 489 in arid saline plains from the Ural mountains to the Upper Irtich 

 near Jamyschewa 



Populus balsamifera of Siberia. A "superb tree" called by the Russians on the Irtich "kai- 

 derevo " (Pall.), and known from early times: — observed by Pallas iii. 190 along the Irtich river- 

 bank to the Altaian mountains. The balm-of-Gilead, termed "p. latifolia" by Moench, "p. candicans" 

 by Aiton, known in America before Catesby i. pi. 34, and Marshall, and planted near dwellings from 

 "N. New England to Wisconsin and Kentucky" (A. Gray), may be compared. 



* Arancaria imbricata of Southern Chili and Araucania. A lofty Coniferous tree, its large 

 cones from early times supplying the natives with a great part of their food, a single tree sometimes 

 producing enough to maintain eighteen persons for a year — (geogr. plant, lond tract soc.) : observed 

 by Molina, and Pavon diss. bot. 9. Transported to Europe, is described by Lamarck pi. 328 ; and 

 from Europe was carried to Northeast America, where it continues in greenhouses. 



f Taxus verticitlata of Japan. The " make " of the mythological history of Japan, — is referred 

 here by Klaproth (introd ann. Jap.) : T. verticillata was observed in Japan by Thunberg. 



Erianthus Japonicus of Japan. The " asi " of the mythological history of Japan, — is referred 

 here by Klaproth (introd. ann. Jap.) : E. Japonicus was observed by Thunberg, Houttuyn pi. 89, and 

 Siebold in Japan, abundant, covering the mountains from " fifteen hundred to five thousand feet " and 

 as far North as the island of Yeso. In Chinese, the grass is called " wei " (Klapr.). 



