OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 815 



"In this year" (Humb. cosm. ii. and v.), map by Andrea Bianco, on which the magnetic varia- 

 tion is noted. 



"The same year" (Clavig., and Humb. atl. pict), Itzcoatl succeeded by Motezuma-Ilhuicamina 

 or Montezuma, fifth Mexican emperor. 



1437 A. D. = " 1362 an. jav." (Raffles ix.), date of an inscription on a deghop among the ruins at 

 Suku on Java. 



"In this year" (Markham p. liii), Ulugh Beg, sultan of Samarcand, writing his Astronomical 

 Tables. Among other instruments in his observatory was a quadrant whose radius equalled " the 

 height of the dome of St. Sophia." 



" H3 8 , J an - Iotn " (Nicol.), a synod at Ferrara. In concert with the Council of Basle, which 

 continued in session. Preliminary action was taken, For the re-union of the Greek and Latin churches 

 (see Alst.). 



"During Lent" (Nicol.), by the electors assembled at Frankfort, Albert II. of Austria chosen 

 "king of the Romans ; " succeeding Sigismund as emperor of Germany and Italy. 



"July 7th" (Nicol.), in a numerous assembly or synod at Bourges, Pragmatic sanction com- 

 posed. A celebrated rule, Making the authority of the general Councils "superior to that of the 

 pope." 



"The same year" (art de verif.), Barsebay El-Aschraf succeeded by Djemaleddin Yusuf ; and 

 before the close of the year, by Djakmak, thirtieth Memluk sultan of Egypt. 



"In this year" (Stanley edit. Barb. 9 and 23), Josafa Barbaro at Tana on the river Tana (Don) 

 witnessing the passage Westward of a horde or army of Tartars, led by Naurus and Chezimameth 

 or Little Mahomet against Vlumahumeth Can or the Great Mahomet, at this time " in the champaignes 

 towards Russia." On another occasion, Barbaro received a present of " eight sklaves of the nation 

 of Rossia." 



Laserpitium trilobum of the Uralian plains. Called on the Lower Volga "gladich " (Pall.) ; and 

 the "baltracan" described by Barbaro 102 as having the smell of rather musty oranges, its stem 

 single hollow thicker than one's finger and more than a "braccio" high, leaf like rape, seed like 

 fennel but larger, pungent but pleasant taste and when in season broken as far as the soft part, can 

 be eaten without salt, the water also in which the leaves are boiled drank as wine and very refreshing, 

 the plant met with also between Albania and Croatia and at Terrarsa in Padovana, — may be com- 

 pared : L. trilobum was observed by Pallas trav. i. 276 frequent on the Lower Volga, the young stems 

 eaten crude ; was observed also by Baumgarten in Transylvania, by Waldstein and Kitaibel in Hun- 

 gary, and is termed " 1. carniolicum " by Bernhardi (Steud.). From transported specimens, is de- 

 scribed by Plukenet phyt. 223, and Linnaaus (Pers.). 



"The same year" (Rosse), the art of printing, though practised in China for srme centuries, 

 independently invented in Europe by Laurence Koster; who issued a printed tract entitled "Specu- 

 lum humanae salvationis." — Six years afterwards, the improvement of movable types was effected by 

 Guttenberg and Faust. And after eight years more, a further improvement was made by Schceffer, 

 in the casting of types in metal. 



The same year = " 1363 an. jav." (Raffles ix.), date of an inscription " in characters which appear 

 to have some connection with the modern Javan," discovered at Kwali on Java. 



" 1439 A. D." (Garc. de la Vega), Yupanqui succeeded by his son Tupac Yupanqui, now 

 eleventh Inca of Peru. He continued the great fortress at Cuzco, commenced by his father. 



Tupac Yupanqui did not believe that the sun lives and "is the maker of all things," for "many 

 things are made when the Sun is absent ; " it "is like a tethered beast that always makes the same 

 round," yet notwithstanding so many revolutions "is never tired ;" whereas were it living and free, 

 it "would visit other parts of the Heaven "— (Bias Valera, and G. de la Vega viii. 8). 



He also said, That "ambition and avarice prevent a man from knowing how to moderate either 

 his own actions or those of others." 



The same year, Aria Damar having resided "about three years" at Palembang, arrival there of 

 Raden Rachmat, son of an Arab priest and the elder sister of the princess of Champa. After " two 

 months " stay, Rachmat proceeded on his voyage to Java, and on reaching Majapahit was kindly 

 received by his relative the princess, and was permitted by king Angka Wijaya to form an establish- 

 ment at Ampel with the free exercise of his religion. 



" Feb. 29th " (Nicol), a general synod or council convened at Florence ; being a continuation of 

 the synod of Ferrara. The re-union of the Greek and Latin churches consummated ; the patriarch 

 of Constantinople dying immediately after signing it. — But at the end of two years (Alst.), the Greeks 

 returned to their religious dogmas and ceremonies. 



" Nov. 17th " (Alst., and Nicol.), by the Council of Basle, continuing in session, pope Eugemus 

 IV. declared deposed, and Felix elected his successor. Felix, being excluded from Rome, made 

 Lausanne his residence. 



