8i6 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"The same year" (Crawfurd vii. u), in Java, Hindu temples constructed at Sukuh in the moun- 

 tain of Lawuh. 



Hardly later than this year ( . ), after residing while a young man in Damascus, and pro- 



ceeding thence to Hindustan, Ceylon, and Sumatra, Nicolo Conti, leaving on his right Andamania 

 inhabited by cannibals, arriving at Ava. — He continued Eastward to Xeythona, and at a month's 

 distance from the continent reached the Greater Java (Borneo). He describes running a mink, the 

 prevalence of cock-fighting, and birds without feet whose skin and tail are "used as ornaments for the 

 head" (paradise birds from New Guinea) : fifteen days Eastward from the two Javas are two other 

 islands, Sandai on which nutmegs grow, and Bandan which alone produces cloves; parrots of three 

 kinds are also found on Bandan, " some with red feathers and a yellow beak, and some parti-coloured, 

 which are called 'nori,' that is brilliant" (lories), and "some white " which are called " cachi " (cocka- 

 toos). Reluming, he sailed " westward " to " Ciampa abounding in aloes wood,'" thence to Melibaria 

 and Calicut, and after spending two months on Sechutera, yielding Socotrine aloes and "for the most 

 part inhabited by Nestorian Christians," he proceeded up the Red Sea and reached Venice in 1444 

 after twenty-five years absence. 



The Galeopilhecus or flying-cat is described by Nicolo Conti. 



Ditrio ztbethinus of the Eastern Equatorial portion of the Malayan archipelago. The fetid but 

 much celebrated durien is called in Burmah " du-yeen " (.Mason) ; and is clearly the green fruit called 

 "duriano," having five fruits within and in taste varying like that of cheese, seen by Nicolo Conti on 

 Sumatra : * — D. zibethinus is described by Rumphius i. pi. 29 ; was observed by Navarrete growing 

 on Borneo and Celebes, but not as far as Manilla; by Dampier, on Mindanao ; by myself, on Sulu; 

 by Mason v. 447, a cultivated " exotic " in Burmah. Westward, by Roxburgh iii. 399, in Hindustan: 

 but has only recently been introduced into the environs of Bombay (Nimmo, and Graham), and into 

 Zanzibar, observed by myself on the imaum's plantation. Accounts of this fruit had reached Europe 

 as earlv as 1640, the "durion " being mentioned by Parkinson. 



Santalum ka-ra-mai of Burmah. Probably included in the " white sandal wood" seen by Nicolo 

 Conti at Panconia : — S. ka-ra-mai was observed in Burmah by Mason. 



"1440, Aug. 26th to Sept. nth" (Nicol.), another synod at Bourges. The bishops with 

 Charles VII. of France refused to recognize the Council of Ferrara, or to abolish '• Pragmatic sanc- 

 tion." 



" In this year," Galfridus of Lynn, according to his own account, writing his Promptorium par- 

 vulorum, an English-Latin dictionary. 



Galcobdolon luteum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain yellow dead- 

 nettle ox yellow archangel (Prior), and probably included in the "archangel" or " defe nettyle " of 

 Galfridus pr. pm., — and ■' archangelica" or "blind netele " of gloss. Hail. 3388 (Cockayne): G. 

 luteum is described by Caesalpinus xi. 31 (Spreng.) ; is termed "g. sive urtica iners flore luteo" by 

 Tournefort inst. 185, "cardiaca sylvatica"by Lamarck fl. fr. ; and is known to grow in wooded 

 mountainous situations throughout middle Europe as far as Britain (Hoffm. ^erm , Pers., and Engl, 

 bot. pi. 787). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in woods on mount Haemus and around Con- 

 stantinople. 



" 1441 A. D."' (Galvan., Churchill coll., and Major pr. H. 89), under instructions from prince 

 Henry, Antam Gonsalves at the above-mentioned estuary procuring the " skins and oil of seacalves " 

 (seals). Having completed his cargo, "he took nine sailors inland and succeeded in capturing two 

 natives : " but on the following day as he was about leaving, he was joined by Nuno Tristan in an 

 armed caravel bringing a Moor to act as interpreter: a second incursion was planned, which resulted 

 in the capture of "ten natives;" of whom the chief only "was able to converse with the interpreter, 



* Castanea Martabanica of the mountains of Burmah. A chestnut tree in common with the Jug- 

 lans called "theet-kya" (Mason), and probably the " chesnuts " seen by Nicolo Conti at the city of 

 Panconia: — C. Martabanica was observed in Burmah by YVallich ; by Mason v. 398 to 456, "indi- 

 genous," growing "on the uplands" and sometimes "nearly down to the sea shore," the fruit " sold 

 in bazar" but inferior in quality to the European chestnut. 



Castanea tribuloides of the mountains of Burmah. Distinguished as the " wet-theet-khya " hog- 

 chestnut (Mason) ; and included perhaps in the "chesnuts" seen by Nicolo Conti at Panconia: — C. 

 tribuloides was observed by Mason v. 463 " indigenous " and undescribed. 



Pandanus hsat-thwa-gyee of Burmah. A stemmed palm-like screw-pine, affording perhaps the 

 "pine-apples" seen by Nicolo Conti at Panconia: — P. hsat-th\va-g\ee was observed by Mason v. 

 521 in Burmah, "very abundant" and "usually growing near the sea," the sails of "many of the Bur- 

 mese boats " made of its "large narrow leaves sewed together," and its fruit " used by the Karens to 

 kackle their thread." 



