820 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



dead trunks of palms, and therefore received the name of Cape of Masts ; but he was again unable 

 to open friendly intercourse with the natives. 



Elais Guineensis of Western Equatorial Africa. Possibly the palm in question ; — wine called 

 " mignol," from a palm like to but differing from that which produces the date, was found by Cada- 

 mosto South of the Senegal, also a saffron-coloured oil whose origin he was unable to ascertain: the 

 latter is referred by Major pr. H. 109-52 to palm-oil, which continues to be exported in large quan- 

 tities for lubricating and the manufacture of soap and candles (lond. tract soc). Through European 

 colonists, E. Guineensis was carried across the Atlantic (Pers.), observed by Aublet 975 in Cayenne ; 

 by Descourtilz, under cultivation in the West Indies though having a Carib name " aouara.'' Trans- 

 ported to Europe, is termed " palma spinosa " by Miller (Willd.). 



"In this year" (Burm. hist., and Mason 51), the Chinese invading Ava, again demanding the 

 rendition of Thonganbua, Shan chief of Mogaung: the king was persuaded to surrender him. 



" 1446 A. D." (Major pr. H. no), Nufio Tristan, passing the Cape of Masts as far as the mouth 

 of a very large river (Gambia), where he anchored: ascending the river in "boats with two-and- 

 twenty men," he with all but two of his party were killed by the poisoned arrows of the natives. 



"In this year" (Major 112), Alvaro Fernandes on his Second voyage continuing beyond Cape 

 Verde " a hundred and ten leagues " to " a point of sand in front of a great bay ; " but from a previ- 

 ous wound in attempting to open communication with the natives, decided to return. 



" In this year " (Major 114). nine caravels " sixty leagues beyond Cape Verde " entering the Rio 

 Grande: Stevam Affonso, one of the commanders, landing and following some tracks found "planta- 

 tions of cotton-trees" (Gossypiiim) "and 1 ice, and other trees of various kinds;" but entering a 

 wood, his party was attacked, "seven of the foremost" wounded, of whom "five fell dead," and 

 Affonso with the remainder escaped with difficulty. The caravels on their way back procured "eight- 

 and-forty natives " near Arguin. 

 J " To this year " (according to Azurara) " there had been fifty-one caravels to these parts," going 

 "four hundred and fifty leagues beyond the Cape" (Bojador) : the coast running " southward with 

 many points, which the prince caused to be added to the sailing chart." 



" The same year " (art de verif. contin.), by the emperor Motezuma Ilhuicamina, building of a 

 dike nine miles long to protect the city of Mexico against inundation. 



Tageles erecta of Mexico. A garden-flower improperly called African marigold, having a Mexi- 

 can name, — and observed in Mexico by Hernandez v. pi. 29. Transported to Europe, is termed 

 "tanacetum peruvianum" by Valerius Cordus (Ueckm.), is described also by Fuchsius pi. 57, Mat- 

 thioli, Dodoens, and Caesalpinus; was observed by Forskal in gardens at Constantinople; by him, 

 and Delile, in the gardens of Egypt, called there " qatyfeh ; " by Forskal, under cultivation in Yemen 

 and called " randjes " or " naufar," but growing spontaneously around Hadie ; by Roxburgh, and 

 Graham, in Hindustan, its flowers "sold in the bazars, and worn by women in their hair," met with 

 by myself among temple-offerings; by Blanco, in gardens on the Philippines, yellow-flowered, and 

 called in Tagalo "amarillo." T. patula or the French marigold, also known to have come from 

 Mexico (Pers, and Spreng.), is described by Tragus 923, is termed " t. flore fulvo maculato " by 

 Dillenius elth. pi. 279 ; has become frequent in the gardens of Europe and Northeast America ; was 

 observed by Roxburgh in Hindustan, by Graham "common in every garden " and called " gool 

 jafree," naturalized according to Law about Belgaum, its flowers sold for the same purposes in the 

 bazaars ; by Thunberg, under cultivation in Japan and called " korei kikf " or " tsjosen so " or " koo 

 woo soo " 



Lantana camara of Tropical America. A yellow-flowered Verbenaceous shrub called in Mexi- 

 can " cayolizan " or " tepocan," — and observed in Mexico by Hernandez 66 ; by Descourtilz in the 

 West Indies, but no Carib name given ; and the " camara," by Marcgraf and Piso pi. 177 in Brazil. 

 Transported to Europe, is described by Plukenet aim. pi. 1 14, Dillenius elth. pi. 56, and has become 

 well known in greenhouses; was observed by Clot-Bey in the gardens of Egypt; by Lush, and Gra- 

 ham, in the environs of Bombay " introduced from Bengal." 



Mirabilis Jalapa of Mexico. The garden-flower called four o'clock, and falsely maivel of Peru, 

 long known in Mexico : * — is termed " mirabili mexican." by Hernandez v. 47, and was observed by 



* Quamoclit pennaia of Mexico. The cypress-tuiie (resembling Taxodium distichum in its foli- 

 age) or the " quamochlit " — was observed on the Voyage of the Sulphur abounding and at least spon- 

 taneous in Mexico, along the Pacific (Benth. 133, and A. Dec.) ; is known to occur also seemingly 

 wild around Para, at the mouth of the Amazons (Chois.), but in the West Indies no Carib name is 

 given by Descourtilz : is cultivated for ornament in our Southern States, and was observed by Chap- 

 man "spontaneous near gardens." By European colonists, was carried Westward across the Pacific 

 to the Philippines, where according to Blanco it is called in Tagalo " agoho " (the name of the Casu- 



