OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 8 2I 



J!" DecV 6 TTe'SarftT^ ^ * 7 ^^ ^ MayC ° Ck ' Wild a ' S ° °" J amaica and B -badoes 

 (A. UecO The plant appears to have at once arrested the attention of Catholics • was observed hv 

 myself in ,84,, one of the few objects of cultivation at the Missions around the Bay oTLnFrZtcI 

 By European cobnuts, was carried Westward across the Pacific to the Philippines, is called T„ 



12 f, : r T° n '" itS fl0W6rS bdn = °P enat the tirae of Oracionand closing n the 



rX V Bla ,? C ° ); *° Am ^°y na ( Rum P h - viii - 40, Timor (Span.), and Java (Blume) ; to Japan 

 called "keso" or < foosen " or "kinfokva," and a white cosmetic from its seeds used for thfcom 



Cae n z u y "7 M ra a; n o Tl"?' ?* ^"V ' * ^ and A " am ^°^ ' t0 Burmah - called ^ 

 JZT'WlJ r } \ y \ naturahzed ( Moo «. and Gardn.); to Malabar, called there " andi 



maleri (Rheede x pi. 75) ; to other parts of Hindustan (Ainsl., Pidd., and Wall.), observed by Gra- 

 ham as far as Bombay << common in every garden and in flower all the year," and called " gool baiee >' 

 a g ^ ^ J ,*? Yeme "' obsetved V For skal both cultivated and springing up spontaneously 

 and called " uard el laejl " or « zahr el laejl ; » to Egypt, observed by Hasse'quift, For'ska" and Del £ 

 its name : ■ y.man, indicating the route of introduction. Transported across the Atlantic to Europe 

 » termed magna, adm.rationis herba peruviana » by Lobel ; is described also by Tabernsemontanus 

 Uusius , and C. Bauhm ; soon became a favourite flower, and was observed by Forskal in gardens at 

 Constantinople : by European colonists also, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues 

 in gardens ; and to the Mauritius Islands, observed by Bojer becoming naturalized 



Mirabihs dichotoma of Mexico. Known from early times, - cultivated with and often con- 

 founded with the preceding: received from America by Choisy (Dec. prodr. xiii. 2 p. 428) Trans- 

 ported to Europe, is described by Clusius hist. ii. 90 (Pers.) : and by European colonists was carried 

 to Pulo-Penang in the Malayan archipelago, and Taheiti. 



"1447, March 6th " (Alst., and Nicol.), Felix abdicating, Eugenius IV. succeeded by cardinal 

 Thomas de Sarzana, now Nicolaus V., fifty-fourth pope. Fredericus III. ruling Germany and Italy • 

 and James II., Scotland. *' 



"1448 A. D." (Relat. du Groenl. 212), accession of the Oldenbourg family and of Christian as 

 king of Denmark. He made a pilgrimage to Rome, and obtained permission to establish an Academy 

 at Copenhagen. 



" In this year" (Major edit. Bethenc. p. xxvii), under instructions from prince Henry of Portu- 

 gal, Gomez Eannes de Azurara compiling an account of the conquest of Guinea. He describes four 

 of the Canary Islands as remaining unsubdued: the people of Grand Canary were intelligent, "very 

 active and powerful ; their only weapons were a short club," and stones ; " most of them went entirely 

 naked, but some wore petticoats of palm leaves ; they made no account of the precious metals, but 

 set a high value on iron, which they worked with stones and made into fishing-hooks ; they even used 

 stones for shaving;" "they kindled fire by rubbing one stick against another;" " held it an abom- 

 ination to kill animals, and employed Christian captives as butchers." The people of Gomera "had 

 no clothing, no houses ; " " spent their time chiefly in singing and dancing," and " made their sisters' 

 sons their heirs." The people of Teneriffe "passed their lives in huts and caves; their chief occu- 

 pation was war, and they fought with lances of pine-wood, made like great darts, very sharp, and hard- 

 ened in the fire ; there were eight or nine tribes, each " having a king, who when he died was kept 

 unburied until the death of his successor. The people of Palma fought with spears "pointed with 

 sharp horn," and "at the other end they also put another piece of horn, but not so sharp" (see 

 Levit ?) ; "they had no knowledge of God, nor any faith whatever." 



"To the period of Azurara's completing his chronicle " (Major pr. H. 119), "nine hundred and 

 twenty-seven souls had been taken" from the West African coast "to Portugal." 



In or about this year (== 1648 — " 200 yrs " of Flacourt praf. and i. 46), the art of writing brought 

 to Madagascar by Zafe-Casimanbou, Arabs from the Red Sea, sent (according to their own account) 

 by the "caliph of Mecca." These Arabs settled in the Southeastern portion of Madagascar, taught 

 Arabic and the Koran, intermarried with the natives, and at length obtained the government of one 

 or two provinces. The language of Madagascar is the same throughout the island; but in applying 

 the Arabic alphabet, some of the letters are pronounced differently. 



Amomum angustifoliu?n of Madagascar. Called there " longouze " (Flac), and affording the 

 Madagascar ox great cardamoms — or the "meleghetta" praised by Andrea Corsali (Yule cath. i. 89): 



arina) ; to other parts of the Malayan Archipelago (Rumph. v. pi. 155); to Burmah, observed by Mason 

 "exotic" and called " myat-lai-nee ; " to Hindustan, where it has acquired a Sanscrit name (Roxb., 

 and Pidd.), was observed by Rheede xi. pi. 60 in Malabar, by Graham " common in gardens " as far 

 as Bombay; and to the Mauritius Islands (Boj.). Transported to Europe, is termed " gelseminum 

 rubrum " by Cassalpinus 184; "quamoclit" or "quamochlit" or "jasminum americanum " by Clusius 

 post. pi. 8; is described also by Camerarius hort. 135, Columna aq. pi. 72, and C. Bauhin. 



