824 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



In or about this vear, arrival in Java of the two sons of the Chinese princess : Raden Patah 

 " twenty " years old, and his half-brother Husen " eighteen." Raden Patah did not proceed to the 

 court at Majapahit, but remained incognito at Ampel in communion with Raden Rachmat. 



As early perhaps as this year (see addit. art de verif.), expedition of the Inca Tupac Yupanqui 

 Northward against the provinces of Chinchasuyu.* 



" 1458 A. D." (Galvan.), the city of Alcacer in Africa captured by Alfonso V. of Portugal. 



" In this year" (Alst. p. 217), books from the sacking of Athens and Constantinople, purchased 

 throughout the Turkish empire by the king of Hungary Matthias Hunniades Corvinus, and brought to 

 Buda. — Sixty-eight years later, when Buda was captured by the Turks, the Library disappeared, and 

 was said to have been " burned," but (according to the gazettes) has recently been discovered unin- 

 jured in Constantinople. 



"About this time" (Spreng.), Joann. Jacob de Manliis writing. 



Archangelica officinalis of Northern Europe. A large umbelliferous plant called in Britain arch- 

 angel, in medieval Latin "archangelica" (Park., Nemn., and Prior), in Germany " angelick " or 

 "brustwurtzel" (Tragus); described by J. J. de Manliis— (Spreng.), Tragus i. 140, and termed "a. 

 sativa " by Miller: known to grow in "watery places" from Lapland throughout Northern Europe as 

 far as France and Switzerland (fl. Dan. pi. 206, Pers., and A. Dec.) : its large fleshy pungently aro- 

 matic root extolled by the Laplanders "not only as food but medicine," the stems "roasted in hot 

 ashes " eaten in coughs and pectoral disorders, and the flowers boiled in milk to the consistence of an 

 extract used also medicinally (Stev. and Church): its roots leaves and seeds "are certainly good 

 aromatic tonics " (Lindl.). 



Asperula tinctoria of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The "spargula" or " rubea 

 tinctorum minor" of J. J. de Manliis — may be compared : A. tinctoria is described by Tabernaemon- 

 tanus pi. 433 ; is termed "a. rubeola" by Lamarck fl. Fr. ; is known to grow from Sweden through- 

 out middle Europe and in Siberia, the root red (Pers. ) ; was observed by Scopoli in Carniolia ; by 

 Sibthorp, around Constantinople ; by Pallas trav. i. 93, used in dyeing on the Volga. 



Galium Angliaim of middle and Western Europe. The "purpurea" kind of " lappago " men- 

 tioned by J. J. de Manliis — (Trag. i. 167) may be compared : G. Anglicum is termed "g. parisiense 

 tenuifolium flore atropurpureo ? " by Tournefort, " g. rubrum " by Pollich ; is described also by Ray 

 iii. pi. 9, and Hudson ; and is known to grow from Britain to Spain and Switzerland (Brot., Bertol., 

 Lam., and Pers.). 



Scabiosa succisa of middle and Western Europe. Called in Britain devil's bit (Prior), in Saxon 

 "ffendis bitt " (gl. Bodl. 178, and Cockayne), in Germany " teufels abbiss." in the Ortus Sanitatis 

 261 and by Braunsweig "morsus diaboli " and " jacea nigra" (Tra^;.), and figured by J. J. de Manliis 

 p. 173 — (Spreng.) : described also bv Brunfels ; and known to grow in moist situations throughout 

 middle Europe as far as the Pyrenees (Curt. lond. pi. 10, Pers., Lapeyr., and A. Dec). 



Inula ocuhis-C/iristi of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece " agrios- 

 karphe " (Sibth.) : and the " oculus Christi " of J. J. de Manliis — is referred here by Sprengel and 

 others : I. oculus Christi is described by Clusius hist. ii. 20, is termed " aster pannonicus lanu- 

 ginosa luteus " by Tournefort inst. 4S2, is known to grow in mountainous situations in France 

 and Germany (Jacq. austr. pi. 223, and Pers ) ; was observed by Sibthorp in the Peloponnesus. 



Me/ittis melisspphvllum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Germany 

 "hertzkraut" or " pf affenkraut " or " immenblatt " (Trag.); and the " ocymum citratmn " of J. J. de 

 Manliis — is referred here by Tragus i. pi. 3: M. melissophyllum is termed " melissa humilis latifolia 

 maximo flore purpurascente " by Tournefort inst. 193; is known to grow from Britain throughout 

 middle Europe (Engl. bot. pi. 557, Lam. fl. fr., and Jacq. austr. pi. 26); was observed by Sibthorp, and 

 Chaubard, on mount Athos and the mountains of the Peloponnesus. 



Huracium auricula of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Germany "gros 

 meiisor" or from the hairs "pilosella" (Trag.); and the plLOSeLL^ of J. J. de Manliis, eaten 



* Persea graiissima of Eastern Equatorial America. The avocado called " palta " (Yelasq. 

 diet.), in Carib "aouaca" (Desc), in Mexican " ahuaca quavhitl " (Hern.); and Palta, one of the 

 provinces in question, produced the delicious fruit of the same name — (addit. art de verif.): the 

 "perales" is described by Oviedo nat. hyst. 72 as "a tree of Tierra Firme : " P. gratissima was 

 observed by Hernandez 89 both cultivated and wild in Mexico ; by Sloane ii. pi. 222, in the West 

 Indies, introduced according to Jacquin obs. i. 38 from the neighbouring continent ; and is known 

 as a forest-tree in the wilds of Caripe in Cumana, and on the Lower Amazons (Nees 129). Trans- 

 ported to Spain, is described in 1601 by Clusius rar. i. 3: also by European colonists was carried in 

 1758 (Aubl.) to the Mauritius Islands, where it continues much cultivated, to the Malayan archipelago 

 after the time of Rumphius (A. Dec.) ; and recently to the environs of Bombay (Graham). 



