826 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



by Ruel ii. 149: D. barbatus is termed " lychnis monachorum hort." by Gesner 266 (Spreng.) ; is a 

 well known garden-flower throughout Europe, and was observed by Forskal in gardens at Constanti- 

 nople ; is said to grow wild in Carniolia and Germany (Scop , and Pers.). By European colonists, 

 was carried to Northeast America, where it continues a favourite in gardens. The " tol-me-neer " of 

 Lyte ii. 7, or "tolmeiner" or "colmenier'' of other English herbalists, is a variety (Prior). 



Si/eiie armeria of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. An annual called in Greece " luh- 

 noeMtheV'. (Sibth ). and known from early times : —termed "lychnis viscosa purpurea latifolia laevis" 

 by Tournefort inst. 335, and known to grow in sunny situations from Denmark throughout middle 

 Europe (fl Dan. pi. 559, Engl. bot. pi. 139S, and Lam. fl. fr.) : observed by Sibthorp from the Pelo- 

 ponnesus to mount Athos. By European colonists was carried to Northeast America, observed by 

 A. Gray "escaped from gardens to waste places, rare." 



Lathyrus aphaca of middle Asia. Called in Greece "pnigia" or "mpavoulia" (Fraas) or "agri- 

 ovavouli " or "agriolathouri " (Sibth.), and known there as early probably as this date : — observed by 

 Sibthorp, Chaubard, and Fraas, frequent in grain-fields from the Peloponnesus throughout the Greek 

 islands ; by Delile, about Cairo ; by S. Th. Gmelin trav., around the Caspian ; and by Wallich, under 

 cultivation in Hindustan (Wight and Arn.). Westward from Greece, is described by Dodoens p. 545, 

 and Lobel ii. pi. 70; is termed "aphaca" by Tournefort inst. 399, "1. segetum " by Lamarck fl.fr.; 

 was observed by Lenz in Italy, by Brotero in Portugal, and has become a common "field-plant" as 

 far as Britain (Pers , and Lindl.). Its seeds according to Lindley " are served sometimes at table " 

 while "young and tender," but "if eaten abundantly in the ripe state" are "narcotic, producing 

 excessive headach." 



Trifolium stellatum of the Mediterranean countries. Annual, called in Greece " alaphra " 

 (Sibth.), and known from early times: — observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from Crete 

 and the Peloponnesus to Cyprus and Constantinople. Westward, is described by Tournefort inst. 

 405 ; and is known to grow along fields and waysides in Carniolia, Italy, Sicily, and Southern France 

 (Sturm, and Pers.). In Britain (Engl. bot. pi. 1545), is clearly exotic, but has established itself near 

 ballast-heaps at Shoreham (Wats. cyb. i. 297, and A. Dec). 



Galium tricome of the Tauro-Caspian countries. Called in Greece "kolugitha" (Sibth.), and 

 known from early times : — termed "aparine semine loevi " by Tournefort inst 1 14, "galium spurium " 

 by Hudson, " valantia triflora" by Lamarck fl. fr., "v. tricornis " by Roth, and Bieb. (Steud.) ; and 

 known to occur in cultivated ground throughout middle and Southern Europe (Pers., and A. Dec.) : 

 was already in Britain in the days of Ray (Engl. bot. pi. 1641) ; was observed by Vaillant pi. 4 near 

 Paris; by Gussone in Sicily; by Moris in Sardinia; but "in 1S47" continued unknown in Algeria 

 (Munby). Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp in cultivated ground on Zacynthus and in continental 

 Greece ; by Grisebach, in meads in Thrace ; and is to all appearance wild at Baku and on the Talysch 

 mountains (Hohen., and C. A. Mey.). 



Valeriana (Centranthtis) rubra of the Mediterranean countries. Called in Greece " analatos " 

 (Sibth.), and known from early times: — described by Morison vii. pi. 14, and Tournefort inst. 131, 

 and known to grow on the .Atlas mountains (Pers.) ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, on the 

 mountains of the Peloponnesus. In Britain, has been long cultivated, and Ray's silence may be from 

 his considering it an outcast from gardens ; " in 1805 " the plant was found by J. E. Smith seemingly 

 wild in chalk-pits in Kent, and is at present more or less naturalized in twenty to twenty five counties 

 (Wats., Bromf., and A. Dec.) : probably naturalized also on the neighbouring portion of the continent, 

 where according to Persoon it occurs in waste places. 



Sherardia arvcnsis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Sweden " sherard's 

 ort" (Linn.), in Greece " probatohorton " or " sperohorton " (Sibth.), and known from early times : — 

 observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent in vineyards and cultivated ground from the Pelopon- 

 nesus throughout the Greek islands. Westward, is termed "rubia parva flore caeruleo se spargens " 

 by Bauhin hist. iii. 719, and is known to occur in cultivated ground throughout middle Europe 

 (C. Bauhin pin. 334, Tourn. inst. 114, fl. Dan. pi. 439, Curt. lond. v. pi. 13, and Pers.). 



Leontodon hisfidum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Greece "papathoula '' 

 (Sibth.), and known from early times : — termed "hieracium caule aplnllo hirsutum " by Bauhin hist. ii. 

 1037, "dens leonis foliis hirsutis et asperis " by Tournefort inst. 46S, and known to grow in meads 

 throughout middle Europe (C. Bauhin pin. 127, Vail act. 1721, Curt. lond. v. pi. 56, and Pers.): 

 observed by Linnaeus in Sweden, frequent as far as Scania; by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the 

 Peloponnesus to mount Athos. 



Conyza Candida of the Mediterranean countries. Called on Crete "psulloliorton " (Sibth.), and 

 known from early times : — described by Anguillara 2S6 (Spreng.), termed " c. verbasci foliis serratis " 

 by Tournefort inst. 455, and known to grow on Crete and the islands of the Adriatic (Barr. rar. pi. 217, 

 Wulfen, and Pers.) : observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in stony places from Crete to the Pelopon- 

 nesus ; by Boccone vi. pi. 31, in Sicily. 



