830 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Silua in soc. Hackl.). " Sarsaparilla from Mexico " is mentioned by Monardez, the drug first becom- 

 ing known in Europe "in 1530" (Pereir.) ; is described by Matthioli 838 (Spreng.) ; was found by 

 Alpinus used medicinally in Egypt, and according to Forskal mat. med. is called there " sabarina " or 

 "oschbe," and is imported by way of Europe. (See S. syphilitica.) 



Smilax officinalis of Colombia, from Guayaquil to the Magdalena. Called by the natives " sarza- 

 parilla" (Humb.) from " sarsa " bramble and " parilla " vine (Markh.), and doubtless used by the 

 natives around Guayaquil as early as this date : * — S. officinalis was observed growing there by Cieza 

 de Leon L\\, who regards it as better and more efficacious than any found in other "parts ot the 

 Indies ; " by Humboldt and Bonpland, collected by the natives on the Magdalena and sent in great 

 quantities to Mompox and Carthagena, thence to Jamaica and Cadiz ; suspected by Pereira to be 

 the so-called "-Jamaica sarsaparilla, the best and most valuable kind in market." South of the 

 Magdalena, " S. purhampuy " of the Eastern declivity of the Peruvian Andes, highly extolled by Ruiz, 

 is regarded by Lindley as perhaps not distinct. 



1465 A. D. (= " 1390 an. jav.," Raffles x.V in Java, before the completion of a mosque with 

 eight columns at Bintara, death of Raden Rachmat after delivering into the hands of Raden Paku a 

 pusaka kris received from the prince of Majapahit. — The name of the new city was afterwards changed 

 to Demak, and the mosque continued standing when Raffles was writing in " 1816." 



"The same year = ' tching-hoa,' 1st year of Tchun-ti, or Hien-tsoung-tchun-ti," or Hien-tsoung 

 II., "of the Ming" or Twenty-third dynasty (Chinese chron. table). He established an inquisitorial 

 tribunal of eunuchs, with orders to put to death all persons suspected of rebellion — (Pauth.). 



"The same year (= 2125th of Synmu," art de verif.), Gofunnazo succeeded by his son Go- 

 Tsutsi-Mikaddo, now dairo of Japan. 



"The same year" (Crawfurd vii. n), Marhum reigning on Ternate.f — He partially adopted 

 the Mohammedan religion. 



" 1466 A. IJ.'' (Blair), the second printed volume issued in Europe, Cicero de officiis. Books 

 now becoming more accessible, — a Rcinval of literature among European nations, and the languages 

 of the people coming more into use in writing. 



"The same year" (Martin Behaim in voyag. Belg., and Major pr. H. 134), the uninhabited 

 Azores islands, Fayal and Pico, given by Alfonso V. to his sister the duchess of Burgundy, and 

 colonized by Belgians saved from famine. 



* Aralia nudicaulis of Northeast America. Called wild sarsaparilla (A. Gray), its root said to 

 be used by the Crees in venereal, and its bruised bark from early times applied by them to recent 

 wounds — (Hook., and R. Brown jun.) : probably the kind of "sarsaparilla" gathered at Fort Pop- 

 ham on the Sachadehock : "two" kinds of "sarsaparilia '' are enumerated by Josselyn rar. 59 as 

 growing in New England, one " not above a foot in height, without thorns : " A. nudicaulis was ob- 

 served by Lapylaie in Newfoundland ; by Michaux, in Canada and on the Alleghany mountains ; by 

 myself, a frequent woodland plant throughout New England ; and mav grow along the Atlantic as 

 far as 40 N. (Barton), and on the mountains to Carolina (Pursh). Westward, was observed by 

 E. James along the base of the Rocky mountains ; and is known to grow from Lake Huron to 64 N. 

 (Hook.). Transported to Europe, is described by Plukenet aim. pi. 138. (See Smilax glauca.) 



Slillingia sylvatica of Carolina and Florida. From early times employed by the natives against 

 syphilis — (Forst. note to Bossu p. 8). 



Echinopanax horridum of Northwest America. From early times, employed in venereal by the 

 natives — (R. Brown jun.) : observed by myself, frequent between the mount Rainier ridge and the 

 Pacific ; by Mertens, around Norfolk Sound ; known to grow also at Nootka, Sitka, and on the island 

 of Kodiak (Dec.) ; and received by Hooker from the Rocky mountains and California. 



Berberis aquijolitim of Northwest America. A pinnate-leaved barberry, from early times employed 

 by the natives in venereal — (R. Brown jun.) : observed by E. James on the Rocky mountains at the 

 sources of the Arkansas ; by Lewis and Clarke, at the rapids of the Columbia : by myself, frequent 

 on Puget Sound; according to Hooker, grows from 40° to 49 along the Pacific, and inland to the 

 sources of the Columbia in 52 ; was received by Decandolle from Nootka. 



Belula sp. of Northwest America. A species of birch, from early times employed by the natives 

 in venereal — (R. Brown jun.). 



Abies Douglassii of Northwest America. A tall spruce, its wood from early times used by the 

 natives for fuel, also the leaves in infusion in venereal — (R. Brown jun.) : observed by Douglass on 

 the Columbia ; by myself, frequent from the mount Rainier ridge to the Pacific. 



f Capparis baducca of the Ladrones or Marian Islands. A rough-stemmed shrub, six feet or more 

 high, brought to the Philippines as early possibly as this date : — well known at Parafiaque, accord- 

 ing to Blanco, and substituted for the capers of commerce. Westward, was observed by Rheede vi. 

 pi. 57 in Malabar (Pers.). 



