OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 831 



"At this time " (Stanley edit. C. Correa p. xxxvii), Negro slaves so abundant in Portugal that 

 Rosmithal and Blathner a Hungarian prince, having requested two of them, Alfonso V. replied, " Those 

 are trifles which do not require the asking." 



"1467 A. D." (art de verif.), Koschkadam succeeded by Belbay ; and before the close of the 

 year, by Timar Bogha, thirty-sixth Memluk sultan of Egypt. 



Solatium Aethiopicum of Tropical Eastern Asia ? Called in Egypt " bydingan el-qoutah " cup 

 eggplant, or "tiffah dahaby" golden apple, or " tiffah el-heb " love apple (Del.) ; and the Egyptian 

 "p£hm6n," — translated " malus silvestris " by Kircher 177, may be compared: S. Aethiopicum was 

 received by Dodoens pempt. iii. 4. pi. 32 under the name of "malum Aethiopicum" from Spain, 

 supposed to have been brought there from Aethiopia ; is termed " lycopersicum athiopicum " by 

 Miller (Steud.). Eastward, was observed by Loureiro in Anam. By European colonists, was 

 carried to Northeast America, observed by myself under cultivation in our middle States, mistaken 

 for a variety of S. melongena. (See S. miniatum.) 



One hundred and seventy-third generation. Sept. 1st, 1467, onward mostly bevond youth : the 

 Persian writer Mahmud Ben Mohammed wr. 1496 (Ainsl.) : the Jewish writers, Elia Bashiatschi, the 

 astronomer R. Elias Misrachi, Abraham Zacuto ben Samuel: the Arab writers, Abu'lbaka Bedri, 

 Ebn Shohne: the Greek writers, Georgius Trapezuntius d. i486, Georgius Gemistus Pletho, Georgius 

 Protosincellus, Georgius Phrantzes d. 1477, Constantinus Lascaris d. about 1494, Emmanuel Georgilas 

 d. 1498, Stephanus Sachlekes, Constantinus d. 1500: Conradus Celtes, Angelus Politianus, Jacob 

 Wimpheling, Marsilius Ficinus, Baptista Platina, M. A. C. Sabellicus, Joannes Nauclerus, Philippus 

 Bergomensis, J. Picus Mirandola, Rudolphus Agricola, Nanni or Annius of Viterbo ; Francis Philel- 

 phus; John Wesselus ; Bessarion ; Thomas a Kerapis ; Joannes Argyropulus ; Georgius Merula ; 

 Antonius Rosellus, Ambrosius Camaldulensis, Pacificus, Angelus Clavasius, Baptista Trovamala : the 

 scholastic theologians, Dionysius Carthusianus, and Gabriel Biel : Bernard de Trevise d. 1490 

 (Pouchet) : the botanists, Johannes Tollat von Vochenberg, Georgius Valla Placentinus : the 

 painters, Andrea Mantegna d. 1505. 



" T468 A. D." (art de verif.), Timar Bogha succeeded by Kayt-Bay, thirty-seventh Memluk sultan 

 of Egypt. Who built at Cairo the small but remarkable mosque that bears his name (Clot-Bey xv. 2). 



Coffea Arabica of Equatorial Africa. Called in Abyssinia " boun " (A. Rich.), the berries long 

 known there as edible, and for making the beverage introduced into or established in Aden by the 

 mufti Mohammed Dhabhani, — who died in 1471 (="875 hej." of Abd-alkader, De Sacy chrest. 

 arab.) : drinking " kahwa " or coffee reached Egypt about the close of the century (" 901 to 910 hej.") 

 through Arabs from Yemen performing religious services in a mosque at Cairo, where Schehab-eddin 

 ben Abd-algaffar according to his own account partook of the new preparation : the first attempt to 

 suppress the use was made in 1511 (="917 hej.") under the authority of Khair-beg pasha and 

 mohtesib of Mecca ; and only in 1555 (="962 hej." of geogr. Turc) did coffee become known in 

 Constantinople and Greece : the berries and beverage were both seen in Syria by Rauwolf. The 

 shrub was doubtless soon introduced into Yemen, where its cultivation became of importance, and 

 was observed on the mountains by Forskal : living stocks were even seen in Egypt by Alpinus, and a 

 recent attempt there at cultivation is mentioned by Clot-Bey. C. Arabica is known to grow wild in 

 Abyssinia and throughout Equatorial Africa to Sierra Leone and Monrovia on the Western coast 

 (Ritter, Vogel, and Hook. fi. nigr.). By European colonists, was carried prior to 1690 from Arabia 

 to Batavia in the Malayan archipelago ; in 171 7, to the Mauritius Islands ; in 1718, to Surinam in 

 Tropical America ; and according to Meyen, has become naturalized on the Corcovado mountain near 

 Rio Janeiro (Schouw 18, and A. Dec). 



" 1469 A. D." (Galvan.), by Alfonso V. of Portugal, the trade of " Guine " leased for five years 

 to Fernam Gomez for a sum of money, with the condition "that euery yeere he should discouer an 

 hundred leagues." 



" In this year" (Dallet p. cxxvii), accession of Sieng-tsong, now king of Corea. 



"1470 A. D." (Alst. p. 30S), invasion of Styria and Carinthia by the Turks under Mohammed 

 II. ; and some thousands of the inhabitants carried away captive. 



" In this year" (Galvan.), Arzila and Tanger in Africa captured by Alfonso V. of Portugal. 



" The same year " (art de verif. contin., see also Humb. atl. pict.), death of Nezahualcojotl, king 

 of Acolhuacan at Tezcuco. He had composed in Aztec an elegy on the destruction of the city of 

 Azcapozalco, also one on the instability of human greatness, and sixty hymns to the Supreme Being. 



"In this year" (Talvi ii. 1, and Major p. lxxv), Athanasius Nikitin of Tver in Russia, after 

 passing his first Easter in Nain, his second in Mazanderan, his third at Ormuz, arriving in Western 

 Hindustan, — where he passed his fourth and fifth Easter. His sixth was passed at Muscat, and he 

 reached home "in 1474." 



Hedyotis umbellata of Tropical Hindustan. The chay or Indian madder, a small suffruttcose 

 plant called in Telinga " cheri-velloo " (Lindl.), in Tamil " saya " or " emboorel cheddie " or " rami- 



