OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 833 



Rumphius v. p. 169 ; was observed by Roxburgh in Bengal (Lindl.), its root "used as a carminative 

 and stomachic" (Drury) ; by Nimmo, in "the Concans and Guzerat," the "fresh roots smelling like 

 green mangoes " (Graham). 



Zingiber cassumanar of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. The cassumanar, 

 called in Sanscrit " vuna ardrukum," in Bengalee and Hindustanee "bun ada," in Telinga " karpush- 

 poo " (Lindl.), probably among the " aromatic roots " in question : — Z. cassumanar was observed by 

 Graham "in gardens Bombay," and found by Nimmo "wild in the Concans," by Koenig, and Rox- 

 burgh as. res. xi. pi. 7, as far as Bahar, Bengal, and Coromandel ; by Blume, on the opposing portion 

 of Java; and is described by Rumphius v. pi. 65. The imported root according to Lindley "once in 

 great repute " in " hysteric epileptic and paralytic disorders, but now out of use." 



" 1471, Aug. 9th " (Alst, and Nicol.), Paulus II. succeeded by cardinal Francis d' Albescola della 

 Rovere, now Sixtus IV., fifty-eighth pope. — Sixtus IV. engaged in war, imposed on Naples the yearly 

 tribute of a white horse and trappings, and is supposed to be the first pope who " placed his effigy on 

 the coins struck in his states.'' 



" In this year" (Galvan.), in fulfilment of the Fernam Gomez lease, John de Santarem and John 

 Descouar sailed along the coast as far as Mina in " 5 N." 



" In this year" (Barbar. 37, and Remus, trav. C. Zeno 11), arrival at Venice of Azimamet, Morat, 

 Nicolo, and Chefarsa, four ambassadors sent by the Persian king Hassan Beg to induce the Venetians 

 to send a fleet against the Turks. Other European powers declining to co-operate, Caterino Zeno was 

 elected ambassador, and departed to reside at the Persian court. 



" 1472 A. D." (Galvan.), Fernando da Poo discovered the outlying island, called after him Fer- 

 nando Po. 



"About this time" (Galvan.), the neighbouring islands of St. Thomas and Principe, situated 

 under the Equator, and the main land of Benin as far as Cape St. Catharine "in 3° S." discovered by 

 Sequeira, a servant of the king. 



archipelago naturalized, but seemingly wild in great abundance on the basal portion of the mountains 

 of the Feejeean, Samoan, and Hawaiian Islands, its presence on Tongatabu, a low coral-island, indi- 

 cating introduction by the natives. Westward from Anam, was observed by Mason indigenous in 

 Burmah ; by Roxburgh cor. iii. pi. 201, wild in woods about Calcutta (Lindl.) ; by Rheede xi. pi. 13, 

 in Malabar ; by Graham, and Nimmo, "wild in the Concan " as far as Bombay. The imported roots 

 were formerly sold in the drug-shops of Europe under the name of ra'd. zerumbeth, but are no longer 

 used (Lindl.) ; the transported plant is described by Blackwell pi. 402, and Miller ii. pi. 25. 



Kaempferia galanga of Tropical Eastern Asia. Stemless with leaves spreading fiat on the 

 ground, called in Sanscrit "chundra-moolika " (Lindl.), in the environs of Bombay "chundra mulika" 

 or "chanda mula" (Graham), in Tamil " katsjolum " (Drur.) ; and probably among the "aromatic 

 roots " in question, — its root used medicinally and as a perfume : K. galanga was observed by Rheede 

 xi. pi. 41 in Malabar; by Nimmo, in " S. Concan" (Graham) nearly as far as Bombay; by Burmann 

 pi. 13, on Ceylon ; by Kaempfer am. pi. 902, Retz, Roxburgh, and Wight, as far as Bengal, and besides 

 " much cultivated in gardens " (Drur.) ; " said to be very common on the mountainous districts beyond 

 Chittagong," and brought by the mountaineers to the markets of Bengal ; observed by Mason indi- 

 genous m Burmah and called " kha-mung," the roots for their perfume worn by Karen females, also 

 put with clothes, and used " to a small extent medicinally ; " by Loureiro i. 12, in Anam. 



Kaempferia rotunda of Tropical Eastern Asia. Flowering while the plant is leafless, and called 

 in Tao-alo " dusog " or " dusod " or "dusu " or "guisol," in Bisaya and Pampango "guisol" or "cusol" 

 or "dusul" (Blanco), in Burmah "myce-ban-touk" (Mason), in Bengalee and Hindustanee " bhoo- 

 champa" or " bhooi-champa," in Sanscrit " bhoo chumpuca" (Lindl.); and probably among the "aro- 

 matic roots " in question, — the root and whole plant being employed medicinally : K. rotunda was 

 observed by Rheede xi. pi. 9 in Malabar; by Graham, "in gardens" at Bombay ; by Ainslie, Rox- 

 burgh, Wio-ht, and Drury, cultivated all over Hindustan for the beauty and fragrance of its flowers, but 

 nowhere wild. Farther East, was observed by Mason in Burmah, enumerated as indigenous; by 

 Blanco, under cultivation on the Philippines and the root used medicinally by the natives. 



Curculivo orchioidcs of Tropical Eastern Asia and the Malayan archipelago. A stemless grass- 

 leaved Hypoxic! plant called in Bengalee "tamoolie" or " telnoor moodol," in Tamil "nelapannay," in 

 Telino-a " nala-tatta-gudda," in Hindustanee " niahmooslie " (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay 

 "moo°slee kund " (Graham) ; and possibly among the "aromatic roots" in question, — its root being 

 employed medicinally: C. orchioides was observed by Rheede xii. pi. 59 in Malabar; by Nimmo, in 

 "the Concans" (Graham), to and beyond Bombay; by Ainslie, Roxburgh, and Drury, in the "penin- 

 sula everywhere " as far as Travancore ; by myself, as far as Singapore ; and by Rumphius vi. pi. 54, 



on Amboyna (Pers.). 



105 



