836 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"trachelium minus " by Clusius hist. ii. 171, " c. pratensis flore conglomerato " by C. Bauhin pin. 94, 

 and Tournefort inst. no, and known to grow throughout middle Europe (Engl. bot. pi. 90, and Pers.): 

 observed by Linnaeus as far as Scania in Sweden; by Allioni pi. 39, on mount Baldo in Piedmont; by 



known to grow in Ireland, Russia, and Switzerland (Engl. bot. pi. 273, and Wats.). Westward, was 

 observed by Hooker on Iceland; by myself, in a weedy lake abounding in fish not far from 

 Monadnock mountain in Jaffrey, growing in deep water, the leaves half an inch or more in width ; 

 by Nuttall, in Massachusetts ; by A Gray, in Central New York; and is known to grow as far as 

 Alaska (Wats.). 



Juncus bulbosus of Northern Europe and Asia. A rush called in Sweden " stubb-togh " (Linn ;, 

 and known from early times : — termed "gramen junceum junci sparsa panicula " by Morison iii. 8. pi. 9, 

 "j. compressus" by Jacquin, and known to grow from Sweden to Switzerland (fl. Dan. pi. 431, Hall, 

 helv. 254, and Pers.), and as far as the Taurian mountains (Bieb.) : observed by Linnaeus in Sweden, 

 forming patches in moist pasture-land and even near dwellings ; by Decandoile, in France. West- 

 ward, by Hooker in Iceland. (See J. Gerardi). 



Carex panicea oi Northern Europe and Asia. Called in Sweden "hirss-starr " (Linn.\ and 

 known from early times : — termed "gramen cyperoides gracile alterum glomeratis torulis spatio di- 

 stantibus " by Morison iii. S. pi. 12; described also by Plukenet aim. pi. 91, Scheuchzer 431, Ray hist. 

 1293, and Micheli pi. 32 (Linn.) : known to grow from Iceland and Lapland to Switzerland, Russia, 

 and Northern Asia (Pers., and Wats.) ; and observed by Rudbeck i. pi. 31, and Linnaeus, in Lapland 

 and Sweden. Probably by European colonists was carried to Northeast America, observed by H. 

 Little near Boston; but according to J. Carey, occurs from "New England to Wisconsin, and south- 

 westward." 



Agrostis canina of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Sweden '■ brun-hwen " 

 (Linn.), and known from early times : —termed '-gramen supinum caninum paniculatum folio vari- 

 ans" by C. Bauhin pin. 1 and theatr. 12 (Linn.), and known to grow in meads throughout middle 

 Europe (Scheuch. hist. 141, Smith brit. 78, and Pers.), from Russia and Ireland to Switzerland 

 (Wats) ; observed by Linnaeus frequent in moist meads in Sweden. Westward, is known to grow 

 in Iceland (Wats.); and according to Watson, and A. Gray, has been introduced into Northeast 

 America. 



Airopsis precox of Northern and middle Europe. A diminutive grass called in Sweden " war- 

 tatel" (Linn.), and known from early times : —termed "gramen parvum praecox panicula laxa cane- 

 scente " by Plukenet phyt. pi. 33, and Ray angl. iii. pi. 22, " g. minimum spica brevi habitiore nostrum " 

 by Scheuchzer hist. 219 (Linn.) ; known to grow from Denmark throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. 

 pi. 383, Smith angl. i. 87, and Pers.) as far as Switzerland (Wats.) ; observed by Linnaeus in Sweden 

 in depressed sandy situations subject to inundation in Scania. By European colonists, was carried 

 to Northeast America, observed by Pursh in the outskirts of Philadelphia, and according to A. Gray 

 occurs in "sandy fields, New Jersey to Virginia, rare." 



Airltenatiicni,,, avenaceum of Northern and middle Europe. An oat-like grass called in Swe- 

 den " knyl-hafre " (Linn.), and known from early times :— termed "gramen avenaceum elatius juba 

 longa splendente" by Morison iii. 8 pi. 7, and Scheuchzer hist. 239, and "avena elatior" by Linnaeus- 

 known to grow in meads throughout Northern and middle Europe (Schreb., Leers, and Pers ) ■ was 

 observed by Linnaeus in Sweden as far as Lapland, sometimes in gardens. By European colonists 

 was carried to Northeast America, observed by myself in cultivated and fallow around near S ilem' 

 Mass. ; by Torrey, in the environs of New York city ; by Curtis, in North Carolina (Chapm ) ■ bv 

 Baldwin, in the Western part of Georgia (Ell.) ; and according to A. Gray has become naturalized 



Lycopodmm clavatum of Northern climates. A club-moss called in Sweden '• ralf-mossa " or 

 "wisp-mossa" or " kalfweref wor " or "mattcgras," and from early times used for makino- mats blis- 

 tering bread, and sold in the drug-shops under the name of " musci clavati," its seeds as* lycop'odii " 

 -(Linn): described by Valerius Cordus nr (Spreng.) ; termed "muscus terrestris clavatus " bv 

 C. Bauhin pin. 360, "lycopodmm vulgare pilosum anfragosum et repens " by Dillenius muse pi d, 

 and known to grow throughout Northern Europe ( . . . ) : observed by Tillands pi ixx 'and 

 Lmnaeus, in Lapland and Sweden. Westward, by myself in New England, as far as 4^° alon- the 

 Atlantic ; according to A. Gray, is " common northward " from central New York ; and according to 

 Chapman, grows on the "mountains of North Carolina." b 



Lycopodmm annotinum of Northern climates. Called by the Westrogoths " ref-gras " fLinn ) 

 and known from early times :- termed "muscus terrestris repens clavis singularibus foliosis erectis " 

 by Plukenet aim. pi. 258, and known to grow in woods throughout Northern Europe (Moris iii 1 c 

 pi. S, Dill. muse. pi. 63) : observed by Linnaeus in Sweden. Westward, by myself from 47° -io> on 

 the Lower St. Lawrence to the base of the White mountains and of Monadnock • by Oakes and 



