840 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Phlcum alpinum of the Arctic region and mountain-summits farther South. A grass called in 

 Sweden " fiall-kampe " (Linn.), and known from early times : — termed "gramen typhoides alpinum 

 spica nigra brevi " by Burser ( Mart. 498) and Rudbeck elys. i. pi. 8 (Linn.), " g. typhoides alpinum 

 spica brevi densa et veluti villosa" by Scheuchzer prodr. pi. 3 : known to grow in Britain (Engl, bot. 

 pi. 519), and on the Alps and Pyrenees (Dec.) ; observed by Linnaeus frequent on the mountains of 

 Lapland; by Haller 1529, on the Swiss Alps; by Savi, on the Appenines; by Sibthorp, on the Bithyn- 

 ian Olympus; is known to grow on Caucasus (Bieb.), and in Siberia (Wats.). Westward, was 

 observed by Hooker in Iceland; by myself, on the summits of the White mountains of New Eng- 

 land ; is known to grow in Greenland and Labrador (Wats.), and in Unalaska (Kunth). 



Alopecurus gcniculatus of Northern Europe and Asia. Called in some English works flote grass 

 (Prior), in Norland " stakra," in Sweden " kiarr-kafle " (Linn.), and known from early times: — 

 termed "gramen aquaticum geniculatum spicatum" by C. Bauhin pin. 3 and theatr. 41, "alopecurus 

 culmo infracto aristis gluma longioribus " by Royer lugcfb. 54 (Linn.) : known to occur in North 

 Africa, Ireland, Russia (Wats.), Siberia, and Japan (Kunth) ; observed by Linnaeus in wet meads in 

 Sweden, and floating on the lakes of Lapland. Westward, was observed by Hooker in Iceland ; by 

 myself, in wet places in the outskirts of Salem, Mass., clearly introduced ; by Chapman, in " wet 

 cultivated grounds, Florida and northward ; " by Short, in Kentucky ; by Nuttall, and Pitcher, in 

 Arkansas ; and received by Hooker fl. bor. am. from Canada and the Northwest. 



A I 'ilium effusum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A fragrant woodland grass called 

 in different parts of Sweden " myskegras " or " luktgras " or " haslebrodd " or " amur " (Linn.), and 

 known from early times : — termed " miliaceum gramen" by Lobel pi. 3, "gramen sylvaticum pani- 

 cula miliacea sparsa " by C. Bauhin pin. 8 and theatr. 141 (Linn.), and by Tournefort inst. 523; 

 known to grow from Lapland and Russia to the Mediterranean (fl. Dan. pi. 1143, Curt. lond. iv. pi. 

 12, and Wats.), also in Siberia (Kunth) ; observed by Hooker in Iceland ; by Rudbeck, and Lin- 

 naeus, in Sweden ; by Decandolle, in France ; by Savi, in Etruria ; by Sibthorp, in woods on Cyprus ; 

 and by liieberstein, along the Taurian mountains. ("M. glaucum " of North America, observed by 

 Nuttall in West Pennsylvania, by myself on the White mountains, and according to A. Gray "com- 

 mon northward," is possibly not distinct.) 



Agrostis spica-vcnti of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A grass called in different 

 parts of Sweden "kiosa" or "hwen" or "aker-when" (Linn.), and known from early times: — 

 termed "gramen capillatum " by Bauhin hist. ii. 462, described also by Royer lugd. 59 (Linn.); 

 known to occur about cultivated ground throughout middle Europe (Scheuchz. hist. 144, and Pers.) ; 

 observed by Linnaeus in Sweden, a frequent weed in rye-fields : by Chaubard, in the Peloponnesus. 

 Westward, an Agrostis with long upright awns has been observed by myself on the border of culti- 

 vated ground around Salem, Mass. 



Catabrosa aquatica of Europe and Northern Asia. Called in some English works flote grass 

 (Prior), in Sweden " kiarr-tatel " (Linn.), and known from early times : — termed "gramen caninum 

 supinum paniculatum dulce " by C. Bauhin pin. 2 and theatr. 13 (Linn.), "g. paniculatum aquaticum 

 miliaceum " by Tournefort inst. 527, and Vaillant paris. pi. 17, "aira aquatica" by Linnaeus, and "poa 

 airoides" by Koeler (Pers.): known to grow throughout middle Europe (Ray angl. iii. 402, Curt, 

 lond. i. pi. 5, and Wats.), along the Taurian mountains (Bieb.), on Caucasus, and in Siberia (Kunth); 

 was observed by Linnaeus in Sweden, about springs and pools as far as Upsal ; by Sibthorp, and 

 Chaubard, in watery places in Greece as far as the Peloponnesus. Westward, was observed by 

 Hooker in Iceland ; according to Kunth, grows in North America, and according to Watson in both 

 British America and the United States. 



Aira cant-scats of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Sweden "borst-tatel " 

 (Linn.), and known from early times : — termed "gramen fuliis junceis radice jubata" and "g. spar- 

 teum variegatum" by C. Bauhin pin. 5 and theatr. 72 to 74 (Linn.), "g. paniculatum capillaceo folio 

 minimum" by Tournefort inst. 523 and herb. (Smith) : known to grow in sandy situations through- 

 out middle Europe (Roy. lugd. 60, Engl. bot. pi. 1190, and Pers.) ; observed by Linnajus in Sweden, 

 in sandy fields as far as Scania ; by Sibthorp, in the maritime sand of Achaia. 



Melica ciiiata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A grass called in Sweden " grus- 

 slok" (Linn.), and known from early times: — termed "gramen avenaceum montanum lanuginosum " 

 by C. Bauhin pin. 10 and theatr. 156 (Linn.), and by Tournefort inst. 524, "melica floribus horizon- 

 taliter patentibus " by Royer lugd. 57 ; known to grow throughout middle Europe (Scheuch. alp. pi. 

 4, and Pers.); observed by Linnaeus in Gothland and Sweden, becoming rare in Scania; by Forskal 

 on Imros; by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent on the hills of Greece as far as the Peloponnesus. 



Sesleria carulea of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain moor grass 

 (Prior), in Sweden "elf-exing" (Linn.), and known from early times :— termed "gramen glumis 

 variis " by C. Bauhin pin. 10 and prodr. 21 and theatr. 158, "g. spicatum glumis variis " by Tourne- 

 fort inst. 519, "cynosurus caeruleus " by Linnaeus; known to grow in mountainous situations through- 



