848 



CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Tournefort inst. 173 ; known to grow in cultivated ground as far North as Denmark, but in Britain, 

 where it is called co-w-zoheat, first noticed by Dillenius (fl. Dan. pi. 91 1, A. Dec, and Prior). East- 

 ward, observed by Sibthorp in cultivated ground around Constantinople; but around Caucasus occur- 

 ring apparently in wilder situations (C. A. Mey., Gcebel, and Koch). 



Sedum reflexum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain stonor or stoue- 

 hore or trip madam, in France " trippe madame " (Prior), in Belgium " tripmadame," and from early 

 times eaten there in salads — (Linn. fl. suec.) : termed " s. minus luteum ramulis inflexis" by Tourne- 

 fort inst. 263, and is known to ^row in the woods of middle Europe (Pers.) ; was observed by 

 Sibthorp around Constantinople. In Sweden, was seen by Linnaeus in a garden at Upsal, recently 

 introduced and not as yet flowering ; and in Britain (Engl. bot. pi. 695) is regarded by Watson, and 

 Bromfield, as probably not indigenous (A. Dec). 



Scutellaria galericulata of the marshes of Northern climates. Called in Britain skullcap or 

 helmet flower (Prior), and known from early times: — termed "lysimachia galericulata " by Dale- 

 champ 1060. " cassida palustris vulgatior flore cseruleo " by Tournefort inst. 182, and known to grow 

 from Lapland to Northern Spain and throughout Siberia (Bauh. hist. iii. 435, Rivin. mon. 76, fl. Dan. 

 pi. 637, Curt. lond. iii. 36, and Benth.) : observed by Linnaeus along lakes and streams in Lapland 

 and Sweden; by Decandolle, in France; by Savi, in Etruria ; by Sibthorp, around Constantinople; 

 by Bieberstein, on Caucasus ; by Jacquemont, at Cashmere; by Bunge, along the Altaian mountains 

 and in Dahuria Westward, according to Hooker, grows from near 66° on the Mackenzie (A. Dec) 

 at Fort Franklin throughout Canada; was observed by Lapylaie at 49 on Newfoundland ; by myself, 

 along the Atlantic to 42° ; by Collins to 40 , and by Nuttall in New Jersey ; by Chapman, in " North 

 Carolina; " by Short, in Kentucky ; by Drummond, at 54 near Fort Cumberland ; and by Douglas, 

 on the Northwest coast (Benth ). 



Dcntaria bulbifera of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain tooth-cress 

 or tooth-violei (Prior), and known from early times : — termed " dentaria tenia baccifera" by Clusius 

 hist. ii. 121, "d. heptaphylios baccifera" by C. Bauhin pin. 322, and Tournefort inst. 225, and is 

 known to grow in woods from 6o°in Sweden throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. pi. 361, Engl, bot pi. 

 309, Pers., and A. Dec); was observed by Linnaeus in Sweden ; by Hoeft, at 52° in Russia, in Koursk; 

 by Sibthorp, on mount Haemus ; by Bieberstein, on Caucasus. 



Spiranthes autumnalis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain ladvs 

 tresses (Prior), and known from early times : — described by Brunfels 104, and Tragus 29S (Spreng.^ ; 

 termed "orchis spiralis alba odorata" by Tournefort inst. 433, "ophrys spiralis" by Linnaeus, and 

 known to grow from Denmark throughout middle Europe, also in Siberia (fl. Dan. pi. 387, Curt. lond. 

 iv. pi. 59, and Pers.) : observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to mount Athos 

 and Constantinople. 



Epipaciis nidus-avis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A leafless orchid called in 

 Britain bird's-nest from its matted roots (Prior), and known from early times : — mentioned by Tragus 

 29S (Spreng.) ; termed "neottia" by Dodoens pempt. 553, "nidus avis" by Lobel pi. 105, "orchis 

 abortiva fusca" by C. Bauhin pin. 86, " ophrys nidus avis " by Linnaeus, and known to grow in deep 

 shade from Sweden throughout middle Europe (Tourn. inst. 438, fl. Dan. pi. 121, Engl. bot. pi. 48, 

 and Pers.) : observed by Rudbeck elys. ii. pi. 218, and Linnaeus, in Sweden ; by Haller pi. 37, in 

 Switzerland; and by Chaubard, in the Peloponnesus. 



San-Jiiisoiba officinalis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain burtiet 

 blood-iioit (Prior), and from early times its root used for stanching blood :— termed "pimpinella 

 sanguisorba major" by Matthioli comm. 103. C. Bauhin pin. 160, and Tournefort inst. 156, "pimpi- 

 nella sylvestris s. sanguisorba major" by Dodoens pempt. 105, and known to grow throughout middle 

 Europe (fl. Dan. pi. 97, Engl. bot. pi. 1312, and Pers.) : observed by Linnaeus in the meads of Goth- 

 land, also in gardens, and its root sold in drug-shops under the name of "pimpinella Italica;" by 

 Sibthorp, and Chaubard, growing throughout the Peloponnesus. 



Sa-ina procumbent of Northern climates. Called in Britain pearl-wot t (Prior), and known from 

 early times : — termed " alsine minima flore fugaci " by Tournefort inst. 243, and Ray suppl. 501, and 

 known to grow from Lapland to the Mediterranean (Curt. lond. iii. pi. 12, Pers., and Wats.) : observed 

 by Linnaeus in Sweden, frequent in sterile pasture-land; by Sibthorp, frequent on the Greek islands ; 

 by Thunberg, in Japan. Westward, by Hooker in Iceland ; by Lapylaie, from a,z° in Newfoundland ; by 

 myself, occurring as an introduced plant around Salem and sometimes in the city streets, but ac- 

 cording to A Gray is wild in "springy places, Maine to Pennsylvania ; " grows according to Hooker 

 on the plains of the Columbia and along the Northwest coast, was observed by myself abounding and 

 clearly indigenous along the shores of Puget Sound. Has also been found in South America (Wats ), 

 perhaps introduced. 



^ Cardamine amara of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain bitter cress 

 (Prior), in Sweden '-backekrassa" (Linn.), and known from early times :— termed " nasturtiu 



m 



