OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 849 



aquaticum majus et amarum " by C. Bauhin pin. 104 and prodr. 45, "c. flore majore elatior" by 

 Tournefort inst. 214, "c. nasturtiana" by Thuillier, and known to grow in woods and watery places 

 throughout Northern and middle Europe (Curt. lond. iii. pi. 39, and Pers.) : observed by Linnaus 

 in Sweden; by Haller 558, in Switzerland; by Vi liars iii. pi. 39, in Dauphiny ; by Sibthorp, in wet 

 woods on mount Haemus. 



Lathyrus lalifolius of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain everlasting 

 pea, in France "pois eternel," and known from early times : — mentioned by Matthioli 690 (Spreng.); 

 termed "1. major latifolius flore purpureo speciosior " by Bauhin hist. ii. 303, and known to occur along 

 hedges in middle and Southern Europe (C. Bauhin pin. 344, Tourn. inst. 395, fl. Dan. pi. 985, Engl, 

 bot. pi. 1 108, and Pers.) : was observed by Linnaeus in Sweden, along hedges on the island of Muson ; 

 was already in Britain in the days of Ray syn. 319; escapes sometimes from the gardens around 

 Paris and springs up spontaneously (Coss. and Germ.), and occurs in Southern France as far as the 

 department of Calvados (A. Dec.) ; was observed by Sibthorp from the Peloponnesus to the banks 

 of the Bosphorus. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues in 

 gardens (A. Gray). 



Trifolmm agrarium of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain hop clover 

 (Prior), in Sweden "jordhumble" or " skogshumble " or "gullkulla" (Linn.), and known from early 

 times: — termed "t. pratense luteum fasmina flore pulchriore sive lupulino " by Bauhin hist. ii. 381, 

 " t. montanum lupulinum " by Tournefort inst. 404 " t. aureum " by Pollich pat. ii . 344, and known to grow 

 throughout middle Europe (C. Bauhin prodr. 140, Barrel, pi. 1024, fl. Dan. pi 558, and Pers.) : observed 

 by Linnaeus in Sweden ; by Roth ii. 2. 207, in Germany; by Sibthorp, on mountains from Crete and 

 the Peloponnesus to Caria. By European colonists, was cnrried to Northeast America, observed by 

 myself naturalized in Western Massachusetts, and according to A. Gray, occurs also in Pennsylvania. 



Pyrola secunda of the Subarctic forest. Called in 'QnteSw yevering or yethering bells, in medieval 

 Latin " tintinabulum terrae," from its flowers resembling the string of little bells struck with a hammer 

 in medieval pictures of king David — (Prior): the plant is termed " ambrosia montana " by Dale- 

 champ pi. 1 148, "pyrola secunda tenerior" by Clusius pan. 506, "p. folio mucronato serrato " by 

 C. Bauhin pin. 181, and Tournefort inst. 256, is known to grow from Lapland throughout Northern 

 Europe (fl. Dan. pi. 402, Engl. bot. pi. 517, and Pers.), and on the Pyrenees and Swiss Alps (Dec.) : 

 was observed by Linnaeus in Lapland and Sweden ; by Sibthorp, in woods on the Bithynian Olympus ; 

 by Bieberstein, on Caucasus; byGmelin iv pi. 56, frequent throughout all Siberia. Westward, by 

 Hooker in Iceland; is known to grow in Greenland (Wats.); was observed by Lapylaie in New- 

 foundland ; by myself, from 47 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence to 40° in peninsular New Jersey ; by 

 Drummond, at 54 on the Saskatchewan; by E. James, on the Rocky mountains; by Chamisso, 

 around Elscholtz Bay on the Pacific ; by Mertens, at Norfolk Sound. 



Lychnis viscaria of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain catch-fly from 

 its glutinous stalks (Prior), in Sweden "tiar-ort" or " bekblomster" (Linn.), and known from early 

 times: * — termed "1. sylvestris quarta " by Clusius hist. i. 289, "1. s. viscosa rubra angustifolia" 



* Pihclaria globulifera of Northern climates. Called in Britain pill-wort (Prior), and known from 

 early times : — termed "graminifolia palustris repens vasculis granorum piperis aemulis " by Ray hist. 

 1325, and Morison iii. 15. pi. 7, "p. palustris juncifolia" by Vaillant paris. pi. 15, and known to grow 

 throughout middle Europe (Dill. muse. pi. 79) : observed by Linnaeus in Scania, in pasture-land subject 

 to river-inundation. Westward, this or an allied species was observed by Nuttall in the Arkansas. 



Agrostis vulgaris of Northern Europe and Asia. Called in Britain_/F<?«'« from the Erse "fearh " 

 grass — (Prior) : A. vulgaris is described by Linnjeus (Wahl.) ; and is known to grow from Switzer- 

 land throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland and Iceland (Hoffm. germ , Pers., 

 Hook., and Wats ). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it has become 

 abundantly naturalized, has been observed by myself from Lat. 48° on the Lower St. Lawrence to 41°, 

 by Short in Kentucky, and by Nuttall along the Arkansas ; and to St. Helena (Kunth). 



Botrychium lunaria of Northern Europe and Asia. A fern called in Britain moon-wort from the 

 semilunar segments of its frond, giving rise in former times to the same superstition about horseshoes 

 — (Brande pop. antiq., and Prior) : B. lunaria is described by Fuchsius pi. 182, Dalechamp p. 1313, 

 and Columna phyt. pi. 18; and is known to grow throughout middle and Northern Europe. 



Aspidium thelypteris of Northern climates. Called in Britain marsh fern (Prior), and known 

 from early times: — termed "filix mollis s. glabra vulgari mari non ramosa; accedens " by Bauhin 

 hist. iii. pi. 731, "filix minor palustris repens" by Ray angl. iii. 122, and known to grow throughout 

 Northern Europe ( . . ) : was observed by Linnseus in Sweden, as far as Upland. Westward, by 

 myself in bogs and marshes from 46 near Montreal to 40 along the Atlantic ; by A. Gray, " common " 

 in central New York ; by Chapman, as far as Florida. 



Rhodomenia and Halymenia. Seaweeds called in Britain dulse, from the Gaelic " duillisg " water- 

 leaf — (Prior). 107 



