850 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



by C. Bauhin pin. 205, and Tournefort inst. 337, and known to grow from Sweden throughout middle 

 Europe (S. Dan. pi. 1032, Engl. bot. pi. 788, and Pers.) : observed by Linnaeus ornamenting hills and 

 waysides in Sweden ; by Sibthorp, in woods on mount Haemus. 



Hippocrepis comosa of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain horseshoe 

 vetch or unshoe-the-horse, and in Italy " sferra-cavallo," from its horseshoe-shaped legumes supposed 

 on the doctrine of signatures to have that power — (Prior) : H. comosa is described by Tabernaemon- 

 tanus ii. p. 230, and Columna ecphr. i. pi. 301 ; is termed "ferrum equinum germanicum siliquis in 

 summitate " by Tournefort inst. 400 ; was observed by Garidel pi. 34 at Aix ; and is known to grow 

 throughout middle Europe as far as Britain (Lam. fi. fr., Pers., and Engl. bot. pi. 31). Eastward, was 

 observed by Sibthorp on mount Athos. 



Myosotis scorpioides of Northern Europe and Asia. Called in Britain scorpion-grass, — and only 

 by this name in the days of Lyte, its current name "forget-me-not" having been transferred subse- 

 quently to 1821 (Prior) : M. scorpioides is termed "lithospermum palustre minus flore caeruleo" by 

 Tournefort inst. 137 ; and is known to grow throughout middle and Northern Europe as far as Sweden 

 and Iceland (fl. Dan pi. 583, Roth germ., Pers., Hook., and Wats.). Eastward, was observed by 

 Sibthorp along alpine rills in Greece ; and is known to grow on Caucasus (Bieb.). 



Asperula cynanchica of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain squinancy 

 and in France "esquinancie," from its efficacy in quinsy — (Prior) : A. cynanchica is described by 

 Caesalpinus vi. 46 (Spreng.) ; is termed " rubeola vulgaris quadrifolia bevis floribus purpurascentibus " 

 by Tournefort inst. 130 ; was observed by Forskal near Marseilles ; and is known to grow throughout 

 middle Europe as far as Britain (Lam. fi. fr., Pers., and Engl. bot. pi. 33). Eastward, was ol served 

 by Sibthorp near Smyrna and Constantinople. 



Cystopteris fra^ilis of Subarctic climates. Called in Britain bladder fern (Prior), and known 

 from early times: — termed "filix pumila saxatilis secunda" by Clusius pan. 706, known to grow 

 throughout Northern Europe (Pluk. phyt. pi. 180, and Engl. bot. pi 1587) as far even as North Cape, 

 and in Siberia (Hook.) : observed by Linnaeus in dry stony places in Lapland and Sweden ; by Sib- 

 thorp, on mount Athos and the Bithynian Olympus. Westward, grows according to Hooker in Green- 

 land, throughout Canada to Slave lake and the Rocky mountains or from 64 to 54 , also in Virginia ; 

 according to A. Gray, on " shaded cliffs, common " in central New York, and " very variable ; " accord- 

 ing to Chapman, on "moist rocks on the mountains of North Carolina." 



" In this year" (Alst. p. 309 and 424, and Wilk. theb. and eg. p". ), Granada captured by king 

 Ferdinand, and the Moors or Muslims compelled either to leave Spain or embrace Christianity. The 

 Jews were at the same time banished, — so many resorting to Palestine, that Spanish became the Jews' 

 language there, and has so continued to the present day: a circumstance that in the absence of his- 

 torical record might have proved inexplicable. 



Vella annua of the Mediterranean countries. Perhaps indigenous on the Mediterranean border 

 of Egypt ; — where it was observed by Delile, growing spontaneously. Observed also by Sibthorp in 

 Greece, but the locality not given. Westward, as observed by Clusius in Spain, is termed by him 

 "nasturtium sylvestre valentinum ;" is generally regarded as a Spanish plant (Trew pi. 10, Lam. ill. 

 pi. 555, and Pers.), but has been found growing in England (Engl. bot. pi. 1442). 



Hesperis ravwsissima of the Northern border of the Desert. Indigenous in Egypt, where it 



was observed by Delile around the pyramids at Sakara. Farther North, observed by Gittard on the 

 coast of the Peloponnesus (Chaub.); and Westward, by Desfontaines ii. pi. i6t in the maritime sands 

 of Algeria. 



Raphanus lyratus of the East Mediterranean countries. Indigenous in Egypt and called there 



"rechad el-bar," wild cress : — observed by Lippi, Forskal, and Delile, in both Upper and Lower 



Egypt, growing on the river-flat. Farther North, observed by Labillardiere in Syria; received from 



Crete by C. Bauhin prodr. 30, and Tournefort cor. 17 ; and observed by Bory in Southern Greece. 



Althaea Ludwigii of "Sicily." Known in Egypt as early perhaps as this date ; — observed there 



by Delile, in cultivated ground near Bubastis ; and Westward, said to grow in Sicily (Linn., Cav. ii. 



pi. 30 and v. pi. 423, and Pers.). 



Sida spinosa of Equatorial Africa. Known in Egypt as early probably as this date ; — observed 



there by Forskal, and Delile, as far North as Cairo, but no native names are given: from transported 



specimens, described by Commelyn hort. i. pi. 2. Southward, known to grow in Yemen, Abyssinia, 



Senegambia, the Cape Verd Islands, and Southeastern Africa (Pers., A. Rich., Guill., and E. Mey.)! 



Eastward, has no Sanscrit name, but was observed in Hindustan by Roxburgh, and WiWrt (Pidd. 



and A. Dec). By European colonists, carried to the Mauritius Islands (Bojer) ; and to our Middle 



and Southern States, where it occurs in waste ground from Philadelphia to Florida and Arkansas 



(Torr. and A. Gray). 



Sida mulica of Equatorial Africa. Called in Nubia "gergydan; " — and observed by Delile in 



Upper Egypt, as well as in gardens at Rosetta. 



