OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 859 



"1502, April" (Galvan.), three ships sent by king Manuel of Portugal, after following the 

 Brazilian coast to "about 32 S." turned back, finding it tempestuous and cold. 



" In this year" (Galvan.), Vasco da Gama on his Second voyage sailing from Mozambique direct 

 for Hindustan, discovered an island "in Lat. 4. ," and named it after himself " Almirante." He left 

 there Vincent Sodre with five ships " to keep the coast of India." 



" In this year (= 908 A. H." of the Kurrat el-Ayun, Badger edit. Varthem. 61), seven vessels 

 seized by the Portuguese between Hindustan and Ormuz, and most of the crews murdered. 



" In this year" (Lubke and Lutrow), in England, the chapel or choir in Westminster abbey built 

 by Henry VII. 



At this time (Spreng.), Io. Costaeus writing his Adnot. in Mesue. — He died "in 1503." 

 " The same year " (Siguenz., coll. Mendoz., Clavig. ii., and Humb. atl. pict.), Ahuitzotl succeeded 

 by Motezuma-Xocojotzin, or Montezuma II., ninth Mexican emperor. 



" In this year" (Gomara ii.), Alfonso Hoeida following the coast of Terra Firma to the province 

 of Uraba — (Gulf of Darien). 



"Aug. 14th, Sunday" (F. Columb. 88 to 108), Columbus, accompanied on his Fourth voyage 

 by his son Ferdinand, sailing West beyond Hayti discovered land (Cape Honduras) ; and a party 

 was sent on shore to take possession. Turning back, Columbus followed the coast to its Eastern 

 termination, termed by him " cape Gracias a Dios." At " Guanaia," an outlying island, natives were 

 seen ; and proved to be " like those of the other islands, but not of such high foreheads " 



A large canoe had put in here, laden " with commodities brought from the westward, and bound 

 towards New Spain ; " with quilts ; clouts, to wear in front ; "shirts of cotton, without sleeves, curi- 

 ously wrought and dy'd of several colours ; " large sheets, in which the women, who would besides 

 "hide their faces," wrapped themselves ; long wooden swords, edged with sharp bits of "flint fix'd 

 with thread" (compare sharks'-teeth swords of the Kingsmill Islanders); hatchets to cut wood "made 

 of good copper, also bells of the same metal, plates and crucibles to melt the metal ; " "cacao " or 

 chocolate nuts (afterwards found to pass for money) ; and for drinking, " a sort of liquor made of 

 maiz" — (chicha, mentioned by Oviedo nat. hyst. f. 16, and observed by myself in use in Peru). 



On the main land opposite, the natives proved to be " much like those of the islands, but that 

 their foreheads are not so high, nor do they seem to have any religion: " they wore a covering in 

 front; and there were "several languages among them." Columbus in one of his letters (Major 

 2d edit. 200) mentions ferocious "puercos" (Dicotyles), one of them subdued by a monkey called 

 " begare " winding its tail around the snout (Cebus), "gallinas muy grandes y la pluma como lana " 

 {Rhea), " leones " (Fe/is puma), "ciervos" (Cervus), "corzos otro tanto " (....), "y asiaves" 

 (birds). 



From Cape Gracias a Dios, Columbus followed the coast South (F. Columb.). After some days, 

 other natives made their appearance : "brandishing their spears, blowing horns, and beating a drum 

 in a warlike manner " (Polynesian customs) ; also " chewing herbs " and " spurting it towards " the ves- 

 sel. Columbus kept on as far as a harbour named by him " Porto Bello " and several leagues beyond 

 (meeting with, according to Barcia i. 112, and Sprengel, " palmam " with winey fruit Bactris minor) 

 while seeking a passage into the South Sea by a "streight" he had heard of: — (ascertained some 

 years later to be a narrowing, not of the sea but of the land). 



"1503, in the beginning of the year" (F. Columb. 88 to 108), returning as far as Veragua, 

 Columbus attempted to settle a colony ; but was compelled to withdraw to Jamaica ; — reached Hayti 

 "Aug. 13th, 1504;" Spain "Nov. 7th" (Major 2d edit. lett. 235); and died " May 20th, 1506" (F. 

 Columb.). 



"Sept. 22d" (Alst., and Nicol.), Alexander VI. succeeded by cardinal Francis Piccolomini or 

 Pius III.; and "Nov. 1st," by cardinal Julian della Rovere or Julius II., sixty-second pope and a 

 warrior. Maximilian ruling Germany and Italy; and Louis XII., France. 



"In this year " (Johnst. east, bord.), marriage of James IV. of Scotland with Margaret Tudor: 

 on which occasion, a poem on the " thrissel and the rois " composed by Dunbar. 



" In this year " (Spreng., and Winckler), Pandolfo Collenucci writing his Simplic. Plin., in 

 response to Leonicenus. — He was slain "in 1504," and his work was published with Brunfels herb. 



"in 1531." 



" 1 504 A. D. = 17th year of the ' houng-tchi ' of Hiao-tsoung II." (Chinese chron. table), begin- 

 ning of the Seventieth cycle. By census, the population of China found to consist of "53,280,000 

 persons ; a diminution of about 7,000,000 within a little over a century " (Pauth. p. 405). 



" In this year" (palm-leaf ann. Jag., and W. W. Hunter, Stirling giving 1503), Purushottama 

 Deva succeeded by Pratab Rudra Deva, now king of Orissa; a learned man, deeply versed in the 



Sastras. He was finally converted to the Vaidik faith, built the temple of Baraha at Jajpur, extended 



his conquests as far as Cape Comorin, and reigned " twenty-eight years." 



'•In this year" (Anderson, and Holmes ann. Amer.), the banks off Newfoundland visited by 



