862 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



According to Oviedo gen. hist. vi. 4, the boats of the natives are termed by them " canoas ; " or 

 by the Caribs, " piraguas," the latter at least being navigated with sails. A stone hatchet is figured ; 

 together with the process of rubbing fire with bits of wood (as among the Polynesians), vi. 4 and 5. 

 A'drum made of the trunk of a tree (as among the Polynesians and Feejeeans), is also figured, v. 1. 

 Reports, that the natives (perhaps of the Isthmus) were acquainted with the art of gilding pieces of 

 copper, had also reached Oviedo nat. hyst. 82. 



" 1574 A. D." (Alst.), Bajazet II. succeeded by his son Selim, eleventh Turkish sultan. 

 "The same year" (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Johannes Linturius. 



"In this year" (A. Corsalis, Remus, i. 180, and Yule cath. i. p. cxli), a port in China first 

 visited by the Portuguese. The adventurers were not allowed to land, but sold their goods to great 

 profit. 



"In this year" (Univ. Pittor., and Stanley edit. Barbos. p. ii and 46, San Roman giving "begin- 

 ning of 1515 "), the sultan of Ormuz having sent an ambassador to the king of Portugal, the city 

 revisited by Albuquerque and his fleet, bringing the king's answer. 



The above is the latest event mentioned by Duarte Barbosa, who after spending "sixteen years" 

 on the Indian Ocean — "finished writing" his book "in 1516" (Stanley edit. Barbos. p. vii and 1). 



Pogostemon patchotili of Tropical Hindustan. The patchouli is an aromatic Labiate herb two to 

 three feet high, called in Bengalee "patchouli" or "pucha-pat," in Tamil "kottum,"in Malabar "cot- 

 tam" (Drur.), in the environs of Bombay "pach'' (Graham); and from early times held sacred, its 

 dried spikes and leaves sold in the bazaars as a most powerful perfume, and placed among clothing to 

 keep out moths: the "pucho" drug, imported according to Barbosa into Malacca,- — maybe com- 

 pared : P. patchouli was observed by Rheede x. pi. 77 in Malabar ; by Graham at Bombay, "in gar- 

 dens, also wild in the Concans ; " by YVallich, in Silhet, and the Cashmere shawls scented with its 

 essential oil. Farther East, patchouli is brought in great quantities by Arab merchants from Penang; 

 is used by the Chinese in scenting their so-called " India ink," is known to have been exported from 

 China. But in Europe, has only within "a few years" become familiarly known (Drur.). 



Dioscorca purpurea of Equatorial Africa ? The Pondicherrv sweet-potato : the " yname " on which 

 the Pareni of Malabar support themselves, resembling according to Barbosa the root of the maize 

 found in the island of Antilla, — maybe compared: D. purpurea is described by Roxburgh; and 

 according to Drury is "an excellent kind of yam, but only found in a cultivated state." 



Dioscorca globosa of Tropical Eastern Asia. The round white vain, called in Burmah " myouk- 

 phoo " (Mason), is possibly the "yname" in question: — D. globosa is described by Roxburgh iii. 

 797, as observed in Hindustan ; "is much cultivated" according to Drury, as "the best kind of yam, 

 much esteemed both by " the natives and Europeans ; was observed bv Graham as far as Bombay. 

 Eastward, by Mason v 64, " exotic " in Burmah and the most esteemed of the white-rooted kinds. 



" 1 5 1 5 A. D." (G. de la Vega ix. 14, and Churchill coll.). Basco Nunez de Balboa, having trans- 

 ported across the Isthmus hewn timber and all the materials for ship-building, now sailing on the 

 Pacific along the coast Southward. He gave to the new country the name of ""Peru." News of the 

 strange ship and people reached the Inca Huayna Capac. 



The common rat, J/i/s decumanus, unknown in Peru before the voyage of Balboa — (G. de la 

 Vega ix. 22). 



"The same year" (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Paulus Langius. 



" 1516 A. D."(art de verif.), Kansu El-Gouri succeeded by Toman-Bay II., of the Borgite Memluk 

 dynasty ; — the last Egyptian sultan. 



" In this year" (biogr. univ.), Gariopontus publishing his medical writings. 



"In this or the following year" (Asher edit. Huds. p. lxxii), under the patronage of Henry VIII. 

 of England, Sebastian Cabot continuing along the American coast as far as "6S° N." (Herrar.) in a 

 seeming Northwestern Passage — (afterwards called Davis's Strait). The "west coast" of this 

 "strait up to 67 30'" is delineated "on Cabot's great planisphere of 1544," now in Paris. 



" In this year" (Major edit. Zen. p. Ixvii to lxxix), Eric Walckendorf, archbishop of Trondheim, 

 collecting documents and oral traditions respecting the lost Greenland colony, and submitted to the 

 king a proposal for the re-discovery, — but was banished before a plan could be arranged, and died 

 "in 1523 " at Amsterdam. Expeditions were "in 1578-" and during the two succeeding'centuries, all 

 mistakingly searching the Eastern coast, until the voyage of Graah "in [S28" fully demonstrated that 

 the site of the colony was on the Southwestern coast (see Ivar Bantsen). 



" 1517, Jan. 8th " (art de verif.), Francisco Hernandez de Cordova sailing from Santiago de Cuba 

 westward with three ships navigated by Anton, de Alaminos, at the end of "twenty-one" days dis- 

 covered Yucatan. 



"The same year" (Marcel p. 189), after defeating in Syria the Egyptian army, partly through the 

 employment of artillery, entrance of the Turks under Selim into Egypt. Obtaining possession of 

 the country, the sovereignty and spiritual authority were removed to Constantinople ; the Memluks 



