OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 863 



were formed into an aristocracy ; and the names of the Turkish sultans were from this time inserted 

 on the coins issued in Egypt (Wilk. theb. and eg. p. 557). 



" The same year " (Churchill coll.), Fernan Perez de Andrade, continuing the discoveries of the 

 Portuguese, sailed through the Straits of Malacca as far as Cambodia and Chiampa ; and returned 

 " to Malacca to refit." — When the weather again became "seasonable," he resumed his voyage, and 

 reached Quantung (Canton) in China; According to the Chinese account (topog. Cant, and Pauth. 

 p. 473), in the " 12th year tching-te," strangers from West called " Fa-lan-ki " (Franks), saying that 

 they brought tribute, entered the river abruptly and with their terribly resounding cannon shook the 

 place from afar. When the news reached government, an order was dispatched, To repel the stran- 

 gers and suspend commerce. From this time, tribute or duties were seldom brought to Canton, but 

 went into Fou-kien : until at length, the governor of Canton wrote and obtained leave to re-open com- 

 merce. At a later period (Churchill coll.), permission was granted to the Portuguese, to settle on "a 

 little island opposite to the port of Canton," and on which they built the city of Macao. 



" In this year " (Anderson, and Holmes), fifty French, Spanish, and Portuguese ships employed 

 in the cod fishery on the banks off Newfoundland. 



"The same year" (Alst. p. 514, and Blair), "Indulgences" remitting sin, distributed by the 

 pope in Germany, denounced by Luther an Augustinian monk. 



The Reformation thus inaugurated — received the name of Protestant twelve years afterwards at 

 the Diet at Spires. 



" 15 18 A. D." (N. Shaw edit. Champl. p. ii), Baron de Lery sailing with the intention of forming 

 a settlement in North America; but after leaving his cattle and pigs on Sable Island and at Canso, 

 was obliged to return to France. — The cattle multiplying on Sable Island were "of the greatest ser- 

 vice to certain of" De la Roche's people, who were left there seventy-three years later. 



"In this year" (Ovied. gen. hist. xvii. 10, and Churchill coll.), from Cuba sailing Westward 

 along Yucatan, Juan de Grijalva found his course arrested by continuous land (Mexico). 



"The same year" (Alst. p. 310), the last remnant of the Moors or Muslims expelled by Charles 

 V. king of Spain The Inquisition, employed in discovering them, — was introduced by him some 

 years later into Belgium. 



Scorzonera Hispanica of the West Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain viper-grass from 

 the Latin " viperaria " (Prior) ; and not earlier than this year, its juice employed by " a Moore, a 

 bondslave," in bites of the viper, or "escuerso" as called in Catalonia — (Monard., Parkins, th. 410, 

 and Beckm.) : Monardes in his printed work speaks of the " yerva escuergonera " as known in these 

 parts for thirty years: S. Hispanica is termed "scorzonera" by Matthioli (Targ.), " s. edulis " by 

 Moench, "s. sativa" by Gatereau; is cooked and eaten, is known to grow wild in Spain and Southern 

 France (Lam. fl. fr.), and according to Persoon occurs also in Hungary and Siberia. 



" Sept. 25th" (Alst.), through the influence of Frederic elector of Saxony, Luther relieved from 

 a summons to Rome, and allowed to plead his cause before the pope's legate at Augsburg. " Nov. 

 iqth," a written demand received from the pope's legate and shown to Luther ; who in consequence 

 appealed from the pope to the general Council. '• Dec. 8th," the reply of Frederic, refusing to expel 

 Luther or compel him to go to Rome, "as his error had not yet been demonstrated." 



" In this year " (Spreng.), Marcellus Vergilius of Florence publishing his commentaries on Diosc. 

 — He died in "1521." 



Narcissus calathinus of the Mediterranean countries. Described by Marcellus Vergilius, — and 

 known to crow -wild on the Appenines (Spreng.) : met with farther East by Rudbeck elys. ii. 60. 



f. 5 (Pers.). 



" In this year '' (Stanley append. De Morga 404), a machine for distilling sea water, and thus pro- 

 curing fresh water at a distance from land, used by Domingo Rivera. — The plan was tried by Quiros, 

 and so far as regards the quality of the product, with entire success. 



" In this year, or perhaps some years later " (D'Avezac edit. J. Cart.), French colonists with a 

 supply of domestic animals sent by Lery and Saint-Just to Sable Island. The want of water proved 

 an obstacle to settlement: but cattle and swine were left behind, — and multiplying, became a resource 

 subsequently to a shipwrecked party who were compelled to remain " five years " on the island. 



" 1519, Jan. 1st" (Alst. p. 408 and 515), at Tigurum, Zwinglius preaching; regarded as the first 

 " Orthodox " theologian. 



" April 25th " (biogr. univ.), the Tunisians defeated in naval combat by the Genoese under 



Andreas Doria. , 



Senecio Saraceniais of Western Europe ? Called in Britain Saracens consoud, in medieval Latin 

 "consolida Saracenica" (Prior), in Germany "heidnisch wundkraut " (Trag ), and the "doria" herb, 



