864 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



brought by Andreas Doria returning in his fleet from Africa — (Caesalp. xii. 42), may be compared : 

 S. Saracenicus is however described by Braunsweig; was observed by Tragus i. pi. 163 in the woods 

 of Germany and much used as a vulnerary ; is regarded by Jacquiu austr. pi. 186, Persoon, Fries, 

 and A. Decandolle, as indigenous in middle Europe as far as Denmark. In Britain, was known to 

 Parkinson th. 540, to Ray as growing spontaneously, was found by Mackay in woods near Bantry in 

 Irelind, but occurring chiefly in suspected localities is regarded by Watson cyb. ii. 118 as probably 

 exotic. 



Sdtccio Doria of the Mediterranean countries. — Termed " dorea " in the Viridarium botanicum 

 Italo-Hyspanum (a manuscript of A. D. 1731, Targ.), " s. altissimus " by Miller, " s. carnosus " by 

 Lamarck fl. fr. (Steud.) ; described also by Linnaeus ; and known to grow in France and Germany 

 (J acq. austr. pi. 185, and Pers). 



"June 28th " (Alst), Maximilian succeeded by the king of Spain Charles V., now elected emperor 

 of Germany and Italy. 



" The same year " (Churchill coll.), landing in Mexico of a Spanish expedition under Hernando 

 Cortes. 



" In this year" (W. B. Rye edit. De Sot. p. xii), Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda sailing from Jamaica 

 under "orders to search for some gulf or strait on the continent towards Florida." After following 

 the coast Eastward, and then Westward, making a careful survey and taking possession of the country, 

 he fell in with Cortes, engaged at Vera Cruz. From this limit he turned backwards, and on his way 

 '' discovered a mighty river " (the .Mississippi), " at whose mouth dwelt a considerable population." 



" 1520 A. D." (Alst., and art de verif.), Selim succeeded by Suliman II., twelfth Turkish sultan. 

 Agreeably to the uniform practice with Turkish sultans (Marcel p. 200), the coins issued by him bear 

 the date of his accession only. 



"June 14th " (Alst.), by pope Leo X., a decree excommunicating Luther and ordering his writings 

 to be burned. "Nov. 4th," by Frederic of Saxony, another refusal to comply with the pope's demand 

 and deliver up Luther. " Dec. 10th," at Witemberg in the presence of a large assembly, the pope's 

 decree publicly burned by Luther. 



"The same year" (Clavig,, and Humb. all. pict), Montezuma II. succeeded by Cuitlahuatzin ; 

 and after "three months,'' by Ouauhtemotzin, eleventh Mexican emperor. 



The collection of living animals kept by Montezuma included an American bison. Bos Ameri- 

 canus (Henderson in Am. Nat. for [872) ; showing communication with the plains of the Arkansas 

 and Missouri. 



'■ In this year" (Ciez. de Leon, and Markham edit.), the city of Panama founded by Pedrarias de 

 Avila governor of Terra Firma. — The city was captured and destroyed by the buccaneer Morgan in 

 " Feb. 1671," and the new city bearing the same name is " some miles '' distant. 



"The same year" (< (vied, gen. hist. iv. 4), rebellion of Negro slaves in the West Indies. Also, 

 sailing from Hayti of two ships under L. Vazquez de Ayllon for the Florida coast: in "about Lat. 

 32 ," he named a cape "Santa-Elena," and beyond entered the river Chico (Santee); where he enticed 

 natives on board and returned with " fifty '' to Hayti (art de verif. contin.) : the experiment proved a 

 failure, for the captives could not be induced to labour. 



"Aug. 24th" (Stanley edit. Mag., and Pigaf.), Fernando de Magalhaens or Magellan, a Portu- 

 guese in Spanish employ, with four small vessels on his way Westward to join his friend Francisco 

 Serano at the Moluccas, leaving Port St. Julian in Patagonia : where he had quelled a mutiny. 

 Magellan continued South, and "Oct. 21st in about 52" S." entered an opening leading to three chan- 

 nels ; and of the vessels sent to examine one secretly deserted and returned homewards. Magellan 

 unaware continued onward in his explorations, and after many days word was brought by the boats of 

 a " sea great and wide : " Magellan now '■ I >egan to cry," for he " had made up his mind to go as far 

 as seventy-five degrees towards the antarctic pole." On "Wednesday, Nov. 28th,'' he left the Straits 

 (which continue to bear his name), sailing on the Pacific "West-northwest." 



A /tin in dn Ice of Austral and Western America. Larger and possibly distinct from A. graveo- 

 lens, the leaves more divided and incised ; called in Britain celery, in France " celeri," in Italy " sel- 

 laro " (Prior) : the " appio," a " very sweet herb " growing near the springs, was eaten by .Magellan's 

 puty for several days "from not finding anything else;" there "is also some of the same kind which 

 is bitter: " — "Alexander's scurvy grass " was found in the Straits of Magellan by Drake: A. dulce 

 was first met with by myself within the Tropics, along the seashore of Southern Brazil; afterwards, 

 at the mouth of the Rio Negro in Patagonia; and in crowded beds lining the Southern shore of Terra 

 del Fuego, upright and tall and almost edible ; but in Chili along the Pacific, rare, spreading on 

 the ground, and inedible ; is known to grow from the Falkland Islands to Mexico (Lindl.) ; and was 

 observed by Nuttall in California (acad. Phila. n. s. i, 183). In regard to cultivated celery, Belon at 

 Constantinople found the " ache " blanched and called " selino ; " in Western Europe, celery appears 

 to have continued unknown until about the end of the Seventeenth century (Beckm., Miller, and 



