OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 865 



Prior) ; and in Egypt, was found by Clot-Bey confined almost exclusively to the pasha's garden, and 

 only the root eaten. By European colonists, was carried to Hindustan (Graham); to Burmah 

 (Mason); and to Northeast America. (Compare A. graveolens.) 



" 1521, Jan." (Humb. cosm. v), the use of the log to ascertain the rate of sailing, " cadena de la 

 popa" and "corredera" of Pigafetta, first mentioned on Magellan's voyage. 



"Jan. 24th " (Churchill coll., and Stanley edit. Mag.), at the end of " fifteen hundred leagues " 

 in "about 16I S." Magellan discovered a small uninhabited island "with trees on it" and no anchor- 

 age around (a coral-island) and named it San Pablo: "two hundred leagues" beyond "in nf° S.," a 

 similar small uninhabited island, from the number of sharks around, received the name of Tiburones : 

 crossing the Equator and proceeding as far as " 13 N.," suffering much from scurvy and want of 

 food, on " Wednesday March 6th " a cluster of islands was discovered, which from their experience 

 with the natives was named Ladrones. Continuing West, on " Saturday March 16th " Samar, one of 

 the Philippines, was discovered (and the same longitude having been reached on the Moluccas by 

 Antonio Dabreu sailing East, the division of the globe between Portugal and Spain was completed). 

 Magellan visited the neighbouring islands of Mazzava and Sebu,* and warring against a chief on Matan, 

 who refused baptism and submission to the king of Spain, was slain with several of his companions 

 on " Saturday, April 27th." His successor Duarte Barbosa was soon afterwards slain with others by 

 natives who had professed friendship, and the vessels sailed Westward : one of them was burned at 

 sea, and the other two visited Palawan and the Northern part of Borneo, and having procured a native 

 pilot, returned along the coast of Mindanao, and on "Friday Nov. 8th" reached Tidore in the Moluc- 

 cas. "Dec. 21st," the Victoria, one of these vessels now in the charge of Juan Sebastian del Cano, 

 leaving Tidore continued her voyage Westward; visiting on the way the islands of Burro, and Timor 

 "in ii° S." (Galvan.). 



" 1 52 1, March 6th " (Alst), through Frederic, Luther furnished with letters of safe-conduct from 

 the emperor Charles V., and invited to the Diet at Worms: where he explained his views before the 

 princes of the Empire. Returning under proscription, he was concealed by Frederic in the castle of 

 Warburg. Among those writing against Luther, Henry VIII. of England received from pope Leo X. 

 the honorary title of " Defender of the church." 



" In this year " (Spreng., and Winckler), Johannes Manardus of Ferrara writing his Epist. Medic. 

 .... — He died "in 1536." 



Heracleum panaces of the Pyrenees? Observed by Manardus in a garden at Ferrara — 

 (Spreng.); termed " h. setosum " by Lapeyrouse (Steud.), and attributed to the Appenines and 

 Siberia (Pers.). 



After " nine months " of this year (Clavig. iv. 55 to 61), end of the reign of Quauhtemotzin, 

 eleventh and last Mexican emperor : the Spaniards under Cortes now obtaining entire possession of 

 the country. 



" 1522, Jan. 21st" (Churchill coll.), sailing of Giles Gonzales Davila, with four ships built on the 

 Pacific side of the Isthmus. After following the coast Westward as far as Nicoya in Nicaragua, he 

 landed : one of his ships under the command of Andrew Nino, continued on " three hundred leagues " 

 in all, as far as the Bay of Fonseca in Guatimala. 



"The same year = ' kia-tsing,' rst year of Chi-tsoung-sou-ti " or Chi-tsoung II., "of the Ming" 

 or Twenty-third dynasty (Chinese chron. table). The Great Wall was repaired by Chi-tsoung II. 

 (Pauth. 406). 



" March 18th " (Alvo, and Stanley edit. Mag.), Amsterdam Island (North of St. Paul's) in the Indian 

 Ocean, discovered by Sebastian del Cano in the Victoria. Continuing Westward, the Victoria entered 

 the Atlantic, and on " Saturday, Sept. 6th " (according to the reckoning of those on board), arrived at 



* Canarium album of Anam and the Philippines. A pinnate-leaved Terebinthine tree called in 

 Tagalo "pisa" or " pilaui," in Ylocano "anten " (Blanco) ; and the animd gum of Pigafetta, "wrapped 

 up in leaves of palms or fig-trees " to make candles by the natives on Mindanao, — may be compared : 

 C. album was observed by Loureiro on Anam ; by Blanco, frequent on the Philippines, its mixed 

 resinous juice wrapped in a frond of Corypha umbraculifera for illumination. 



Ficus (Covellid) odorala of the Philippines. A small tree called in Tagalo "agos-os " (Blanco), 

 and possibly distinct from F. oppositifolia : the natives on Mindanao according to Pigafetta in cook- 

 ino- rice first place inside the earthen pot "a large leaf which lines it all round internally:" — 

 F.°odorata was observed by Blanco rare on the Philippines, its leaves used by the natives for lining 

 the interior of the pot in cooking rice, to impart an agreeable odour. (Compare F. oppositifolia.) 



Dioscorea tugui of the Philippines. Called in Tagalo "tugui" (Blanco) ; and the "yams" seen 

 by Pigafetta on Palawan — may be compared: D. tugui was observed by Blanco on the Philippines, 

 much cultivated by the natives and much esteemed. 



109 



