OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 869 



"The same year" (Alst. p. 308), the Hungarian king Louis defeated and taken prisoner, and 

 the city of Buda captured, by the Turks under Suliman II. The library of king Corvinus, reported 

 to have been on this occasion burned, — has recently been discovered intact in Constantinople. 



"May 6th" (Alst., and Blair), by. the forces of Charles V., Rome captured, and pope Clemens 

 VII. with the cardinals confined in the castle of St. Angelo. Henry VIII. of England and Francis, 

 agreeing by treaty to send an army to liberate the pope, he was "after the seventh month" released. 



"The same year" (Alst.), founding of the Sect of Anabaptists. 



"1528, Jan. 26th" (Alst.), at Berne in Switzerland, the images removed from the churches and 

 various religious ceremonies abolished. The example was followed in the neighbouring villages, and 

 soon afterwards, at Constance, and Geneva. 



"March" (Galvan.), Alvaro de Saavedra, sent by Cortes, arriving at Gilolo, finding "the sea 

 calme and winde at will " all the way across the Pacific. 



"April 12th" (Cabeza de Vaca, and Churchill coll.), arrival of the expedition under Pamphilo 

 de Narvaez on the North shore of the Mexican Gulf (and clearly West of the Mississippi). " Forty 

 horses" were landed; with which he and a party proceeded, leaving the ships to follow, to find a 

 "harbor where they might settle a town." They met with "walnut trees" (Juglans nigra or Carya 

 olivaformis), " laurels " (Persea Carolinensis), " others called liquid ambers " (L. styraciflud), " cedars " 

 {Taxodium distichum), " savins " (Junipcrus Virginiand), " ever-green oaks " (Quercus virens), " oaks, 

 pines" (Pinus ttzdd) "and dwarf palmettos" (Sabal Adansoni), also an animal with a "pocket in 

 its belly in which it carries its young " (Didelphis Virginiand), " rabbits " (Lepus palustris), " hares " 

 {Lepus Americanus) " bears " {Ursus Americanus), " lions " (Felis concolor), " mallards " {Anas ■■■■), 

 "night-herons" (Ardea nycticorax), "very fine pastures for herds," and "beans" and "pumpkins" 

 (cultivated by the natives). The ships were wrecked, when they built five boats, which were com- 

 pleted "Sept. 20th." These were also wrecked, and the party reduced to "three or four " persons, 

 — who after travelling " some hundreds of leagues across the country," succeeded in reaching Mexico. 



"The same year" (art de verif.), in Japan, the title "dai-seogun" conferred by Gonara on 

 Jositir, son of Josifar, and twenty-fourth in descent from Joritomo. 



"1529, March 15th" (Alst), another meeting of the Diet at Spires. A decree was adopted, 

 Prohibiting further innovations in religion until the assembling of a general Council. Against this 

 decree, the elector of Saxony and several other princes protested ; and were afterwards joined by 

 different cities in Germany and Switzerland ; and hence the origin of the name " Protestants." The 

 reformers now began to take measures for their own safety, and at the "close of November" met 

 in consultation at Smalcald. 



" April" (transl. Buckingham Smith), Cabeza de Vaca among the aboriginals West of the mouths 

 of the Mississippi, ate blackberries (Rubus trivialis) all this month : the women only had any part of 

 the person covered, employing for clothing a moss that grows on the trees (Tillandsia usneoides) : 

 in travelling, many of the canes (Arundmaria macrosperma) were broken, so that they often tore 

 his flesh: he speaks of extensive and beautiful plains, and distinctly describes the American bison 

 (Bos Americanus) : the Cutalchiches used for knives, flints a palm and a half long, and were ignorant 

 of time either by the sun or moon, neither reckoning by the month nor year, but understanding the 

 different seasons and positions of the stars : the "pears" (Opuntia) were green and so milky that 

 they burned our mouths. — Passing the Rio del Norte, he began to see mountains, on which are 

 small pines the seeds of which are eaten,* and met with a different people : these wore a cotton shirt 

 (Mexicans), which they soap with a certain root that exceedingly cleanses (Wislizenus says the root 

 of a Yucca is used for soap) : poison was procured from a certain tree of the size of the apple yielding 

 milk from the twigs (Madura?). — Near the coast by the way of towns through which we came, 

 more than a thousand leagues of inhabited country to San Miguel on the Pacific ; where he arrived 

 after being alone with the aboriginals "nearly six years," ending "in 1533." 



" May" (Galvan), returning from Tidore Eastward, Saavedra "had sight of a land" in "2° S.," 

 and ran along it "aboue fiue hundred leagues" (New Guinea), "the people blacke and of curled 

 haire " — called " Papuas " by the natives of Maluco. 



In "4 or 5 S.," Saavedra turned Northward and crossing the Equator discovered an island 

 which he called " Pintadas," the inhabitants being all marked (tattooed) : a number of canoes came 

 out and commenced a fight with slings, but Saavedra merely ordered sail to be shortened, and pro- 

 ceeded slowly without doing them any mischief. " A little beyond " in " 10° or 12° N," he found " many 



* Pinus flexilis of the Rocky mountains. Its seeds from early times eaten by the natives — 

 ( R Brown iun.) : observed by E. James on the Rocky mountains at the sources of the Arkansas 

 from the base as far as perpetual snow; and Pike ap. 22 saw some pine timber to the north of 



Chihuahua. 



