OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 87 1 



Trifolium hybridum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Brunfels iii. d.8 



— (Spreng.) ; termed "t. orientale altissimum caule fistuloso fiore albo" by Tournefor.t cor. 27, and 

 Vaillant par. pi. 22, and known to occur in cultivated and fallow ground from Sweden to the Mediter- 

 ranean (Micheli pi. 25, > Ehrh. phyt. 26, and Pers.) : observed by Linnaeus by the roadside between 

 Stockholm and Upsal, also at Abo in Finland ; by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in meads in the Pelopon- 

 nesus. "T. nigrescens, pallescens," and " Michelianum" of Decandolle, are regarded by Chaubard 

 as not distinct. 



Medicago litpulina of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Brunfels iii. 48, 



— and Fuchsius pi. 819 (Spreng.), and Dodoens pempt. 576; termed "melilotus capsulis reni simili- 

 bus in capitulum congestis " by Tournefort inst. 407 ; known to grow in Italy and throughout middle 

 Europe as far as Denmark, and in Britain from "supposed superiority as fodder" called nonsuch (flor. 

 Dan. pi. 992, Savi, Engl. bot. pi. 971, Smith, and Prior). Eastward, observed by Sibthorp, and Chau- 

 bard, in Southern Greece and Cyprus, and in cultivated ground around Athens and Constantinople. 

 From Europe, carried by colonists to Northeast America, where it continues to grow along roadsides 

 and in grass-grown clearings in our Northern and Middle States. 



Scilla bifolia of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain star-hyacinth 

 (Prior): termed " hyacinthus martius"by Brunfels i. 184, — described also by Lonicer — (Spreng. 

 comm. Diosc.) ; termed "ornithogalum bifolium germanicum caeruleum" by Tournefort inst. 380; and 

 known to grow from Britain throughout middle Europe (Lam. fl. fr., Scop., and Jacq. austr. pi. 117). 

 Eastward, was observed by Sibthorp, Hawkins, and Chaubard, from the mountains of Crete and the 

 Peloponnesus to Constantinople. 



" I S3 2 ' July 23d " (Alst.), in view of the Turkish invasion, agreement by the Assembly at Norim- 

 berg, To refer religious dissensions to a general Council to be convened by the pope. ''Aug. 2d," the 

 decision was approved by Charles V. : and in the Diet at Ratisbon, he pledged his influence with the 

 pope, to induce him to convene a general Council; and in case of delay beyond the allotted time, 

 the matter should be referred to a future Diet of the Empire. 



"The same year" (Churchill coll.), in Mexico, by an armed expedition under Nunho de Guzman 

 proceeding Northwest, the provinces of Culiacan and Cinaloa discovered and subdued ; extending 

 along the Pacific to "twenty-eight degrees of north latitude." 



" In this year" (Garc. de la Vega ix. 33, and Markh.), under trie pretense of journeying in state to 

 render homage to the Inca, Atahuallpa arriving with an army within a few leagues of Cuzco defeated 

 at Quepaypa the forces of Huascar, and took him prisoner. Atahuallpa, being of mixed blood and a 

 native of Quito, could not lawfully inherit, but entering Cuzco he summoned all the Inca chiefs of the 

 Empire, and o-etting them in his power, several hundred in number, put them to death. — (In the words 

 of an ao-ed Inca chief in conversation with Garcilasso de la Vega ix. 39, If Atahuallpa "had been an 

 Inca, he not only would not have committed those cruelties and abominations, but he would not even 

 have imagined them : for the tradition of our ancestors was to do harm to no man, not even to 



enemies.") 



Atahuallpa was shortly afterwards captured by Pizarro ; yet by an order from his place of con- 

 finement caused the Inca Huascar to be put to death (Markh. edit. Ciez.). 



" 1^3 Tune 30th" (Alst ), by the Protestant meeting at Smalcaid, the proposed convening of a 

 general Council in some city in Italy, declined. 



" The same year " (Alst. p. 308), Vienna for the third time besieged by the Turks under Suli- 

 man II. — And as before, unsuccessfully. 



"In this year" (Markham edit. Ciez. 35), Carthagena on the Gulf of Darien, not far from the, 

 mouths of the Magdalena, founded by Pedro de Heredia. 



••Auo-. 29th" (Markham edit. p. 300), Atahuallpa put to death by Pizarro. Who now, having 

 acquired control of the whole country, inaugurated Mancolncaat Cuzco. — Manco continued always 

 hostile to the Spaniards, but was unable to recover Cuzco, and "in 1553" was succeeded by the pen- 

 sioned Inca Sayri Tupac. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Cornelius Petrus of Leyden publishing his Annot. Diosc.,* mentioning 



Veronica longifolia. 



* Ribes nigrum of Northeast America. The black currant is mentioned by Cornelius Petrus — 

 (Spreng.), Dodoens, and Dalechamp ; is termed "ribes sylvestre " by Tragus (C. Bauh., and Willd.) ; 

 and is said to grow wild "in some parts of Europe and Siberia" (fl. Dan., Pers., and Lindl.). West- 

 ward " currants " were seen along Massachusetts Bay by W. Wood i. 5 ; and " black currents,' which 

 "are 'reasonable pleasant in eating," by Josselyn voy. 72; " R. floridum " is kn 



pleasant in eating," by Josselyn voy. 72 ; " R. floridum '' is known to grow from 

 Lai*" ^Throughout Canada (Hook.) ; was observed by Pursh from Canada to Virginia ; by myself, 

 from 44 to 42 along the Atlantic ; by Torrey, as far as 41 on the Hudson ; by A. Gray, in " 

 common " in central New York ; by Beck, near St. Louis on the Mississippi ; and " R. reci 

 by Michaux no "ad ripas Larorum juxta sinum Hudsonis " (Pers.). 



woods, 

 recurvatum ' 



