OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 873 



ing on " Bryon," he found fields of "ble" sauuaige " (Triticum repens) and of peas in full flower* 

 "prairies " with odoriferous herbs and " frassiers " (Fragaria vesca and F. Virginiand) , and a forest 

 of beautiful trees, one acre of the soil being worth all Newfoundland ; a cape "four" leagues distant, 



* Lathyrus maritimns of the seashore of Subarctic climates. The beach pea ("pisum mariti- 

 mum" of Linnaeus) probably the "poys en fleurs " seen by Cartier on Bryon Island and around 

 Chaleur Bay : — L. maritimus was observed by Lapylaie on Newfoundland ; by myself, on the sea- 

 shore of New England to 42° ; by Torrey, and A. Gray, to 40 40' at the mouth of the Hudson ; by 

 Nuttall, on the shores of Lakes Erie, Huron, and Michigan; by Mertens, around Norfolk Sound; 

 according to Hooker, grows about Interior salines from the Saskatchewan to California, the mouth 

 of the Columbia, and along the Arctic Sea to Bering's Straits ; and according to Decandolle, along 

 the opposite Asiatic coast to Kamtchatka and Okhotsk. Eastward, was observed by Hooker on 

 Iceland ; and is known to grow on the European seashore from Archangel to nearly 50°, but seems 

 wanting throughout Siberia (Morison ii. pi. 2, Pers., and A. Dec). In the Southern Hemisphere, 

 has been observed at a single point, by J. D. Hooker in S. Lat. 47° in Araucania. 



Rosa blanda of Subarctic America. Probably the " rosses de Provins " seen by Cartier on 

 Bryon Island : — R. blanda was received by Aiton from Newfoundland and Hudson Bay (Pers.); 

 was observed by myself at 47° 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence and on the summit of Whiteface moun- 

 tain in Northern New York ; according to Hooker, grows from Bear Lake Lat. 65° throughout 

 Canada ; and according to A. Gray, from "Vermont to Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, chiefly north- 

 ward," the "petals light rose-colour." 



Rosa lucida of Northeast America. The low wild rose, probably the "roses rouges" seen by 

 Cartier around Chaleur Bay, — and " eglantine " seen by Gosnold on Elizabeth Island (near Martha's 

 Vineyard): " plentie of single damaske roses verie sweet" were seen by Higgeson around Salem 

 (hist. coll. i. 119) ; and "wild damask roses, single, but very large and sweet, but stiptick," by 

 Josselyn 58 in Eastern New England: R. lucida is termed "r. humilis" by Marshall; is known to 

 grow in Newfoundland (Morrison, Dec, and Hook.) ; was observed by myself from 47° near Quebec 

 to 40 along the Atlantic ; by A. Gray, "common " in central New York ; by Pursh, from New York 

 to Carolina; by Schweinitz, at 36 in Upper Carolina; by Elliot, in Chatham County, Georgia; by 

 Croom, as far as 30 30' ; by Chapman, " Florida to Mississippi, and northward, mostly in dry soil, 

 common ; " by Beck, as far as the Mississippi near St. Louis. Transported to Europe, is described 

 by Ehrhart ii., and Dillenius pi. 245. 



Conioselinum Canadense of Northeast America. Umbelliferous and somewhat parsley-like, 

 probably the odorous " persil " seen by Cartier on Bryon Island : — C. Canadense was observed by 

 Michaux at the mouth of the St. Lawrence (Pers.); by myself, frequent from 46° 30' to 47 30' on 

 the Lower St. Lawrence; according to A. Gray, grows from "Vermont to Wisconsin northward, and 

 southward in the Alleghanies ; " and according to Chapman, on the "high mountains of North 

 Carolina." 



Fraxinus Americana of Northeast" America The white ash: " frainnes " were seen by Car- 

 tier before entering Chaleur Bay : — F. Americana was observed by F. A. Michaux from Canada and 

 New Brunswick to the Genessee, becoming rare in Southern New York and Pennsylvania ; by A. 

 Gray, " common " in central New York ; by myself, from 46 to 42 along the Atlantic ; by Pursh, 

 from Canada to Carolina; by Croom, near Newbern; by Elliot, in South Carolina; by Chapman, 

 " Florida to Mississippi, and northward ; " and by Short, in Kentucky. 



Fraxinus viridis of Northeast America. The green ash, possibly the "frainnes" seen by Car- 

 tier before entering Chaleur Bay : — Drummond found no species of Fraxinus North of 54 : F. viri- 

 dis was observed by myself from 47 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence to 42 along the Atlantic ; by F. 

 A. Michaux, in the Western portion of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia; and according to A. 

 Gray, grows "near streams, New England to Wisconsin and southward." 



l/Jmus Americana of Northeast America. The American elm sometimes called white elm (A. 

 Gray), a magnificent tree, probably the " ormes Mans " seen by Cartier before entering Chaleur Bay: 



the' "broad-spreade elme whose concave harbours waspes " was seen by W. Wood in Eastern 



Massachusetts : Drummond found no species of Ulmus North of 54° : U. Americana was observed 

 by F. A. Michaux from 48° 20' to Nova Scotia, the extremity of Georgia, and the Western States ; by 

 myself from 47 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence throughout New England, growing especially on 

 river-flats, and most luxuriant North of Lat. 40 ; by Pursh, from New England to Carolina ; by 

 Chapman,' in "low grounds, Florida, and northward ; " by Nuttall, on the Arkansas ; and by Say, as 

 far as 4Q°'on Red river of Lake Winnipeg. 



Riles (Grossularia) cynosbati of Canada. The prickly-fruited gooseberry, probably the " grou- 

 aiseliers blans " seen by Cartier around Chaleur Bay : — G. cynosbati was observed by Michaux in 



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