OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 875 



appease the Divinity ; and on his journey home, six Protestants at different places brought forward 

 and burned alive. Having in consequence rendered himself odious in Germany, Francis excused 

 himself, asserting, That the persons in question " under the pretence of religion had been plotting 

 against the state." "Dec. 6th," a Protestant meeting at Smalcald, delegates from Henry VIII. of 

 England being present. 



" Jan. 6th " (Ciez., and Markham edit. p. 250), the city of Lima founded by Francisco Pizarro. 



"The same year" (Maunder), by the Spaniards under Almagro, the Peruvians driven out of 

 Chili. — After " three years," the Spaniards in turn expelled through a general rising of the natives. 



" The same year," the Peruvians of Cuzco found by A. E. de Guzman to have "lances, arrows, 

 darts, slings" and " ayllas ; " the latter " consisting of three round stones sewn up in leather, and 

 each fastened to a cord a cubit long " (transl. in soc. Hackl.). — This singular and very efficient 

 weapon called " boleros " by the colonists, continues in use as witnessed by myself among the Span- 

 ish herdsmen of Patagonia. 



"The same year" (Churchill coll), by Peter de Mendoza, a Spanish colony established at 

 Buenos Ayres on the La Plata river. 



"Aug. 15th" (edit. D'Avezac), after passing the Straits of Belleisle, arrival at Assumption 

 Island (Anticosti) of Jacques Cartier with three ships on his Second voyage. Returning to the North- 

 ern shore of the Bay, on the " 19th " he anchored among seven high islands and named them " ysles 

 Rondes." Proceeding up the great river (St. Lawrence) under the guidance of two natives (carried 

 to France on his First voyage), " Sept. rst " he entered the " Saguenay." Returning to the main 

 river, he met with fishes as large as "merhoux" but entirely white (Delphinipterus beluga), living 

 between the sea and fresh witer, and called by the natives " adhothuys." On the " 6th," he reached 

 an island where were numbers of "grandes tortues " (Chelonura serpentina), and named it "ysle es 

 Couldres " from the " noisilles " (Corylus rostrata) found in the forest. On the " 7th," he reached 

 fourteen islands, the beginning of the province of " Canada " (given in the vocabulary as the general 

 name for town) : the largest of these islands, ten leagues in length, he called "ysle de Bacchus" 

 (now Orleans) from " vignes " called '• ozaha " (Fill's cordifolia) first found here ; among the forest- 

 trees are enumerated, " chaisnes " (Quercus rubra), " hourmes, pins " (Strobus), "fresnes, noyers " 

 called "quaheya" (Juglans cinerea), " pruniers " {Primus Americana), " yfz " {Abies Canadensis), 

 "sedres" (Thuva OccidenLilis), " aubespines '' with fruit as large as prunes (Crataegus tomeniosa), 

 and others, while underneath grew " chanure " as fine as that of France (Apocynum). He was vis- 

 ited by the chief Donnacona; and on the " 14th," found a secure place for his vessels not far from 

 the native town of Stadacone (the site of Quebec). On the " 19th," taking his smallest vessel and 

 two boats, he continued up the river; and until the "28th," proceeded without interruption through 

 a fine country full of beautiful trees, including (in addition) " pruches " (Abies alba and A. nigra and 

 A. balsamea), " boulx " (Be tula papyracea), " sauldres " (Salix sp.), and "oziers" (Salix sp.); birds 

 also being numerous, as " grues " (Grus Canadensis), "signes, oultardes " ( . . . ), "Cannes, alou- 

 ettes " (Sturnella Ludoviciana), "faisans " (Tetrao), " perdrix " (Colinus), " merles " (Turdus migra- 

 torius), " mauuis, teurtres " (Columba Carolinensis), " chardonnereulx " (Linaria), "serins" (Linaria), 

 " linottes, rossignolz, passes solitaires," and others : he also met with " raz sauuaiges " that live in 

 the water {Ondatra zibethicus) and are as large as " conriyns." On the 29th, leaving his vessel in a 

 lake-like expanse (Lake St. Peter), he proceeded up the river in boats ; and "Oct. 19th," reached 

 Hochelaga, a native town at the foot of a mountain which he called " mont Royal " (Montreal) : the 

 town was circular in form and very populous, the chief or Agouhanna wearing a fillet of "poil de 

 Herissons " (Hysirix Canadensis). He subsequently heard of a country in the Southwest, devoid of 

 snow and ice, and producing "oranges" (Diospyrus Virginiana) "almandes, noix, prunes, & aultres 

 sortes de fruicts," the natives continually warring with each other, but clothed in skins like them- 

 selves ; Donnacona had been a moon in canoes in this direction to where were growing " canelle " 

 called '" adhotathny " (Sassafras officinale .?), and " giroffle " called " canonotha " (Laurus benzoin ?). 

 Returning down the river, the ships near Stadacone were enclosed by ice in the "middle of Novem- 

 ber " In" further describing the country along the river, the following additional quadrupeds are 

 enumerated, " cerfz " called " aionnesta " (Cervur rangiferintts), " dains " called "asquenondo" (C. 

 Virgiuianus) "hours" (Ursus Americanus), " liepures " called " sourhamda " (Lepi/s variabilis), 

 " connins " (L. Americanus), " martres " (Mustela), " regnards " (Vulpes fulvus) , " loueres " (Cants 

 lupus?) "bieures" (Castor fiber), " chatz sauuaiges" {Felts Canadensis), and " escureux " called 

 " caio-n'em " (Sciurus): among birds, " oyes sauuages blanches" (A user) and "grises" (A. Cana- 

 densis) "cannardz" (Anas sp.), "ramiers" (Columba migratoria), and " tanns " (....): and 

 amono- fishes, " macquereaulx, mulletz " (....). "bars, sartres, grosse anguilles " called " esgneny" 

 "leoetan" as <nx>d as in the Seine (Osmerus eperlanus?), " lamproys " called "zysto, and saul- 

 mons " called "ondaccon," and in the fresh water " brochetz, truytes, carpes, braumes," and others : 

 the natives keep dogs " noirs & blancs " called « agayo," cultivate " bled " called "ofizy " (Zea mays), 



