876 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



have also " febues " called "sahe" (Phaseolus vulgaris) "de toutes couleurs, non de la sorte des 

 nostres," and " poix " (small-seeded var. of do.), " gros melons" (Cucurbita maxima), " courges " 

 {Lagenaria vulgaris), "grosses concombres " (Cucurbita poly morpha var. verrucosa), and an herb 

 which they dry In the sun and place lighted in a little horn " cornet " of stone or wood to draw in the 

 smoke (A'icotiaua rustica). In " December," both natives and French were attacked with scurvy, 

 many dying — until in "April" a remedy was pointed out by the natives in the leaves and bark of a 

 tree called "ameda " (Pinus strobus according to D'Avezac). " April 15th," the ice broke up. Hav- 

 ing lost " twenty-five " of his companions, Cartier abandoned one of his ships, and " May 6th " with 

 the two remaining sailed down the river. On the "21st " he reached the passage between Honguedo 

 and (Anticosti) previously unknown, and Cape "de Prato," the beginning of the Bay of " Challeur;" 

 on the " 1st of June," Cape "de Lorraine " in " Lat. 46^° " (island of Cape Breton) ; on the " 16th," 

 Cape " de Raze;" in a harbour near this Southeastern extreme of Newfoundland he left one of his 

 ships, and on the " 6th of July '' reached St. Malo in France. 



" 1536, June 1st " (Alst. p. 533), in England, queen Ann Boleyn ?, wife of Henry VIII. beheaded. 



"July 7th" (Alst.), letter to Protestants from Charles V. ; declaring, That he would not make 

 war against any one on account of religion, nor would he excite commotion in Germany. 



"In this year" (Winckl., Spreng., and Prior), Jean Ruel or Ruellius publishing his Natura Stir- 

 pium.* — He died in " 1537." 



Jacaranda ovalifolia of Tropical America. A Bignoniaceous tree furnishing the rosewood of 

 commerce (Royle ind. resourc), the "lignum rosaceum " described by Ruel i. 23 and iii. 96 as heavy 

 and knotty, from an arborescent shrub growing in the New World. — The material continues to be 

 largely exported for ornamental woodwork. 



" In this year " (Spreng. and Winckler), Antonius Musa Brassavolus of Venice publishing his 

 Exam. Simplic. — He died "in 1555." 



Convolvulus (Batatas) Imperali of the seashore of the West Indies and Florida, and as far as the 

 Azores, Canaries, and the Mediterranean. A prostrate species, the " brassica marina" of Brassavo- 

 lus, — according to Sprengel : B. Imperati is described also by Morison i. pi. 7, Barrelier pi. 856, and 

 Cyrill. i. pi. 5 ; was observed by Delile on the Mediterranean shore of Egypt ; is known to grow also 

 on the seashore near Naples (Pers.), and on the Canaries and Azores Islands (Vahl, Wats., and A. 

 Dec). Westward, " B. littoralis," regarded as probably identical, was observed by Plumier i. pi. 90 

 in the West Indies ; by Michaux, in Florida and Georgia ; by Baldwin, from 29 to 31° ; by Elliot, on 

 the seashore of South Carolina; by Chapman, in "drifting sands along the coast, Florida to South 

 Carolina." The genus Batatas being American, seeds may have floated in the Gulf stream to germi- 

 nate on the opposite shore of the Atlantic. f 



"In this year" (Spreng.), Carolus Stephanus publishing his Libell. Hortens. — He died "in 

 1564." 



" In this year" (Galvan.), by direction of Cortes, Fernando de Grijalva and Alvarado crossing 

 the Pacific under the Equator arrive at the islands producing cloves, but the natives would not allow 

 them to land, referring them to Antonio Galvano commanding the castle on Ternate. 



During his stay on Ternate, Galvano visited the summit of the island throwing out fire, and on 



* Tritiatm (Agropyrum) caninnm of Subarctic climates. Called in Britain hound grass or 

 dog grass or dog's-tooth grass, in France " chien^dent " (Ainsw., and Prior) ; in which we recognize 

 the " dentem canis " grass of Ruel ii. 62, — eaten by dogs according to Tabernasmontanus : T. cani- 

 num is described also by Morison viii. pi. 1, and Hudson ; is known to occur along woods and hedges 

 from Lapland to Switzerland and in Siberia (Pers., Kunth, and Wats.). Westward, was observed by 

 Hooker in Iceland ; by myself in New England, only in cultivated ground ; by A. Gray, "sparingly 

 naturalized in fields," and besides indigenous, "woods and banks, Western New York to Wisconsin, 

 and northward; " according to Hooker, grows from Lake Winnipeg to the Saskatchewan and the 

 Columbia river. 



f Guettarda speciosa of the Malayan archipelago and Tropical islands of the Pacific A Cin- 

 chonoid tree of medium size called in Malabar " ravapoo," in Tamil " puneer-marum " (Drur.) ; and 

 the tree bearing "flowers at the sunne set, which fall down as soon as they be growne," seen by Gal- 

 vano on Ternate, — maybe compared; G. speciosa was observed by myself throughout the coral- 

 islands of the Pacific, and submaritime around the high islands of the Feejeean and Samoan groups. 

 Westward, is known to grow on Java (Pers ) ; was observed by Roxburgh in " Coromandel in gar- 

 dens ;" by Drury, in Travancore, its fragrant flowers "come out in the evening and have all dropped 

 on the ground by the morning," an odoriferous water "very like rose-water" distilled from them by 

 the natives; was observed by Rheede iv. pi. 47 in Malabar; by Lush, in the Bombay district at 

 Lapooree (Graham). 



