OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 879 



and Linnaeus (Steud., and A. Dec), and known to be frequent in calcareous soil throughout middle 

 Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 158, Moench, Hoffm., and Pers.) : in Britain, was first observed " in 1832 " 

 in Essex (Engl. bot. pi. 2763), regarded however by Babington as probably indigenous, having 

 escaped notice from its small size and scarcity. " B. petiolare " found by Lapeyrouse on the Pyrenees, 

 is regarded as perhaps not distinct (Steud.). 



Xylosteum vulgare of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A flowering shrub termed 

 "halimus" by Tragus — (Spreng.), "chamaecerasus dumetorum fructu gemino rubro " by Tourne- 

 fort inst. 609, " lonicera xylosteum " by Linnaeus, and known to grow from about the centre of France 

 (A. Dec.) on the mountains of middle Europe : observed by Sibthorp on mount Parnassus. Culti- 

 vated for ornament, it has become naturalized in Britain (Bromf.), and perhaps as far as Denmark 

 (fl. Dan. pi. 808). 



Digitalis ambigua of the mountains of middle Europe. Termed " campanula flore luteo " by 

 Tragus— (Spreng.), "d. lutea magno flore" by C. Bauhin herb. mss. (Dec, and A. Dec. 636), "d. 

 ochroleuca " by Jacquin, and " d. grandiflora" by Lamarck (Steud.) : observed by J. Bauhin hist. ii. 

 813 around Montbelliard, and according to P. F. Bernard continues to grow there (A. Dec.) ; by 

 Pollich, and Roth, in Germany (Steud.). 



Euphorbia exigua of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A diminutive annual described 

 by Tragus 112 — (Spreng.) : observed by J. Bauhin in cultivated ground in central Europe, and so 

 continues to the present day (A. Dec); termed "tithymalus sive esula exigua" by Tournefort inst. 

 86, "e. retusa" by Cavanilles pi. 34 (Steud.), and known to occur from Spain and Montpellier 

 to Denmark (fl. Dan. pi. 592, and Pers.) : observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, one of the most 

 frequent plants in cultivated ground from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. In Britain, was 

 already in cultivated ground in the days of Ray (Curt. lond. 4. pi. 36, and A. Dec), of course exotic. 



Euphorbia dulcis of the mountains of Southern Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. 

 Described by Tragus I [2 — (Spreng.): termed "tithym. hirsutus montis Pollini" by Bobart — (Pers.), 

 "t. montanus non acris " by Tournefort inst. 86, and known to grow on the mountains of middle 

 Europe (Jacq. austr. pi. 213, and Pers.) : observed by Haller 1052 in Switzerland (Davall) ; by Sib- 

 thorp, on the mountains of Greece and Asia Minor. In Britain, has escaped from cultivation in Moray 

 county in Scotland (Wats., and A. Dec). 



Gomplirena globosa of Interior Brazil. The globe amaranth or bachelor's button is called in 

 Japan " sennitsko " (Thunb.), in Tagalo " buqningan " (Blanco), in Burmah " ma-hnyo-ban " (Mason), 

 in Sanscrit " amlana " or •' umlana " (Roxb., and Pidd.), in the environs of Bombay " jafferee goon- 

 dee " (Graham), in Yemen " aschek u maschuk " loving and beloved, or " zant habbeschi " or " sirr 

 habbeschi " (Forsk.), in Egypt " ambar " (Del.), at Constantinople "mSnthgna" (Forsk.), in Spain 

 " perpetuas " (Blanco) : the " circaea " of Tragus 579 — is referred here by Sprengel : G. globosa was 

 supposed by Breynius cent. i. pi. 51, and Commelyn hort. i. pi. S5, to have been brought from the 

 East Indies : was seen by Blanco on the Philippines ; by Thunberg, in Japan, here and there and 

 often in vases ; by Loureiro, under cultivation in China and Anam ; was brought to Amboyna before 

 the days of Rumphius v. pi. 100 "from Java," but on Java was seen by Blume only under cultivation ; 

 occurs also on Timor (Spanoghe), and Ceylon (A. Dec.) ; was observed by Mason " exotic " in Bur- 

 middle and Northern Europe as far as Lapland, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland (fl. Dan. pi. 414 

 and 415, Pers., and Wats.). Eastward, is known to grow in Siberia (Wats.). Farther East, is 

 known to grow from Unalascha to the Columbia river, and from Lat. 64 to 54° in central North 

 America (Hook.) ; was observed by Beck near St. Louis; by Muhlenberg, in Pennsylvania; by A. 

 Gray, in "grassy places, common" in central New York; and by myself along the Atlantic from 

 Lat. 43 to 40° By European colonists, was carried to Southeast Australia, where it has become 

 naturalized, even in the Interior (Th. Corder in phyt. for 1845, and A. Dec). 



Allium vineale of Northern Europe? Described by Tragus 285 — (Spreng.): observed in 

 Switzerland, by Haller 122 1, — and Schleicher; by Thuillier near Paris (Steud.) ; and is known to 

 occur in pastures and cultivated ground in Britain and Germany (Pers.). Was observed by Pursh in 

 Northeast America ; and according to A. Gray is " naturalized " in " moist meadows and fields, near 

 the coast, June." The "A. Purshii" of Don seems not distinct. 



Polvpodium dryopteris of Subarctic climates. Called in Britain by "modern botanists" oak 

 fern (Prior): described by Tragus f. 204 — (Spreng.); termed "filix pumila saxatilis " by Clusius 

 hist. ii. 212, " f. ramosa minor pinnulis dentatis " by C. Bauhin pin. 358, "dryopteris " by Dillenius 

 oiss. 103, and known to grow throughout Northern Europe ( . . ) : observed by Linnaeus in 

 woods in Sweden. Westward according to A. Gray, grows in "rocky woods, common northward" 

 of central New York; was observed by myself around the base of the White mountains, in the 

 upland forest; by Mrs. Horner, as far as 42° 30' along the Atlantic (Robinson). 



