88o CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



mah; by Rheede x. pi. 37, in Malabar; by Graham "common in every garden " around Bombay, its 

 flowers worn by the native women "in their hair ; " by Forskal, in Yemen and Egypt, and at Con- 

 stantinople ; clearly by European colonists was carried to Northeast America, where it continues a 

 favourite in gardens. In Tropical America, was observed by P. Browne around towns on Jamaica in 

 17*) ; by Descourtilz, also in the West Indies, but no Carib name given ; by Aublet, in Guayana ; by 

 Martius, indigenous along the Yapura river in Interior Brazil: attracting the attention of Catholic 

 colonists by the suitableness of its flowers for garlands, was probably carried across the Pacific in the 

 first voyages of the Spaniards to the Philippines. 



Chenopodium hybridum of Central North America ? The stramonium-leaved goosefoot, the 

 "fourth solanum " of Tragus 304. — according to Sprengel : C. hybridum is termed " c. stramonii 

 folio " by Vaillant paris. pi. 7, " c. angulosum " by Lamarck ; is known to occur in waste and culti- 

 vated ground from Sweden and Britain to Switzerland and Russia, fetid (Curt. lond. pi. . . ., Pers., and 

 Wats.). Westward, was observed by A. Gray " common " in central New York ; by Short, in Ken- 

 tucky; by E. James, at Council Bluffs on the Missouri ; by Nuttall, at the confluence of the Arkan- 

 sas and Verdigris ; and according to Watson occurs on the Hawaiian Islands. 



Orchis variegata of the Mediterranean countries. Described by Tragus 296 — (Spreng.) ; 

 observed by Haller 1275 pi, 30 in Switzerland, also by Allioni, and known to grow in France (Pers.) : 

 described also by Jacquin coll. ii. 267 and rar. pi. 599; and observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in 

 the Peloponnesus. "O. acuminata" observed by Desfontaines ii. pi. 247 in Algeria, is regarded by 

 Chaubard as not distinct. 



Briza media of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. The " aegilops " of Tragus p. 670 — 

 is referred here by Sprengel: B. media is also described by Linnaeus ; is termed "gramen panicula- 

 tum majus locustis magnis candicantibus tremulis " by Tournefort inst. 523 ; is known to grow 

 throughout middle Europe as far as Denmark, and in Britain on account of its trembling spikelets is 

 called quaking grass (flor. Dan. pi 25S, Engl, bot pi. 340, and Prior). Eastwird, was observed by 

 Sibthorp on Cyprus and around Constantinople. From Europe, was carried by colonists to .Madeira, 

 where I found it abundantly naturalized in all open situations; to Northeast America, occurring along 

 the Atlantic in grass-grown clearings and wild sunny situations ; and to Southeast Australia and 

 the Hawaiian Islands, appearing to me in both localities naturalized. 



A spleniitm Septenl' innate oi Northern Europe and Asia. A fern — termed "filix saxatilis tragi" 

 by Lobel ic. 47, "f. s. corniculata " by C. Bauhin pin. 35K, and Tournefort inst. 542, "acrosticum 

 parvum septentrionale " by Petiver 742, and known to grow throughout Northern Europe (Engl bot. 

 pi. 1017) : observed by Linnaeus in Sweden, frequent in clefts of rocks; by Sibthorp, on the Bithyn- 

 ian Olympus. 



" 1539 to 1540 A. D." (Churchill coll.), Francisco de Ulloa sailing along the West coast of Mex- 

 ico and " back of California," as far as " cape Engano in 30° N." 



" 1540 A. D." (Churchill coll ), passing Cape Engano, John Rodriguez Cabrillo continued along 

 the coast as far North as "thirty-five degrees twenty minutes," anchoring at intervals: beyond 

 Cape Galera, he entered a harbour and called it Port of Possession, "trading with the natives, who 

 go naked, have their faces painted in chequers, and are all fishermen " (aboriginal Californians). 

 Thence he " sailed to the northward as far as forty-four degrees." 



"The same year" (Churchill coll., & Galvan.), in Mexico, a party under Francis Yasquez de Cor- 

 nado journeying from Culiacan Northeast in a direct course "two hundred leagues," met with "beasts 

 almost as bigge as horses, they haue very great homes " (Ovis, the bighorn) ; "abundance of cows " 

 (Bos, the American bison or buffalo) ; "pinhoes " 'Finns flxilis) ; " nozes " {Cory his Americana) ; 

 "amoras" (Moms rubra) ; "ameixas" (/'tunas Chicasa) ; "melaas" (Cucurbi/a) ; " huuas " (litis 

 Arkansana ?) ; " also flax growing wild " (Linum pcrcnne). 



"The same jear" (Churchill coll.), in South America, Orellana leaving Peru, descended the river 

 Amazon to its mouth, and thus crossed the continent. 



"The same year" (Alst.), the Jesuit monastic Order founded by Ignatius Loyola, and confirmed 

 by pope Paulus III. 



" 1541 A. D." (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Alexander Scultetus. 



"In this year" (Humb. cosm. ii), printed letter of Copernicus renewing the ancient theory of 

 the Universe, That the sun is the centre around which the Earth and other planets revolve. — The 

 printing of his book " De revolutionibus " was completed "in 1543," a few days before his death on 

 the "24th of May." 



• Phallus impudicus of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A fungus called in Belgium 

 "ongers eyeren " devil's eggs, and by the poet Hadrianus Junius "phallum " — (Dod. pempt. iii. 5. pi. 

 25) : P. impudicus is termed "boletus phalloides " by Tournefort inst. 562, "ph. fcetidus " by Sow- 

 erby pi. 329; was observed by Sibthorp near Athens ; and is known to grow as far as Britain (Scbaeff. 

 iv. pi. 196 to 198, and Curt. lond. iii. pi. 72). 



