OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 88 1 



" February" (Maunder), after conquering part of Chili, the city of Santiago at the base of the 

 Andes founded by Pizarro. He was assassinated at Lima by thirteen conspirators " Sunday, June 

 26th " (Markh. edit. p. 139). 



"Tuesday, March 8th " (Portuguese narrat. 20, W. B. Rye edit.), in the night, the town of Chi- 

 caca burned by the natives: some of De Soto's men, losing their clothing, "invented the weaving of 

 certaine mats of drie ivie " (Beickemia -uolubilis) ; and of "ash trees in those parts" (Fraxinus 

 quadrangulatd) "they made as good lances as in Biscay." Leaving "Apr. 25th," he "lodged at a 

 small towne called Alimamu ; " and after three or four days' preparation, " travelled seven daies '' 

 through "marishes and thicke woods" to Quizquiz. Removing thence to another town "halfe a 

 league from Rio Grande" (the Mississippi), he found the river "almost halfe a league broad" and 

 " of great depth," and there came down " continually many trees and timber : " the natives here 

 brought "loaves made of the substance of prunes, like unto brickes " {Diospyros Virginiana) ; and 

 after "thirtie daies" delay in building barges, he crossed the river (probably below the Arkansas). 

 . Continuing " through great townes of Aquixo, which were all abandoned for feare," and one " day till 

 sunset" wading in water, after a "three daies journie " came "to the first towne of Casqui "(....), 

 a higher and dryer country, and the woods " verie thinne : " in the fields were trees bearing walnuts, 

 soft shelled and "like unto acornes " (Carya olivaformis). Traversing the Casqui country in about 

 four days, he came to " a lake like a brooke, which falleth into Rio Grande " and which was bridged 

 by the natives, and on "Wednesday, June 19th," entered the town of Pacaha, where he rested "fortie 

 daies." A "great lake" (bayou) "came neere unto the wall," and "from the lake to the great river 

 was made a weare by the which the fish came into it." "Thirtie horsemen and fif tie footemen" were 

 sent " seven daies journie " to "the province of Caluca;'' "thence forward toward the north" accord- 

 ing to the natives "the country was very ill inhabited" and " very cold, and that there were such 

 store of oxen " {Bos Americaniis) " that they could keep no corne for them, that the Indians lived 

 upon their flesh." Returning now over the bridge, De Soto " tooke his journie toward Ouigaute," a 

 " hundred leagues " " toward the south ; " arrived there " Aug. 4th," the town being " the greatest 

 that was seene in " the whole country. Thence northwest, "forty leagues '' to Coligoa, "on the bank 

 of a meane river." Thence "toward the south," more than "five daies," to the "scattered" town of 

 Cayas, where he " rested a moneth ; " the horses drinking " of a lake of very hot water, and some- 

 what brackish " (hot springs and salines at the sources of the Washita), and the natives by evapora- 

 tion procuring salt. Thence "toward the south, a day and a halfes journie," to Tulla : thence 

 " toward the south-east " about " eighty leagues " and " over very rough mountaines (Ozark hills) to 

 Autiamque ; where he remained "three moneths," unable to travel "for cold, waters, and snow." 

 John Ortiz, the only interpreter, died at Autiamque. — Leaving " Monday, March 6th," De Soto on 

 the " 29th " came to Nilco, on the same river (Red river) that " passed by Cayas and Autiamque, and 

 fell into Rio Grande : " sending " a captaine with fiftie men in sixe canoes downe the river," De Soto 

 followed by land, and on " Sunday, Apr. 17th," came to Guachoya, where he proposed to build "brig- 

 antines," but after naming Luys de Moscoso de Alvarado as his successor, died " May 21st." Leav- 

 ing on " Monday, June 5th," Alvarado proceeded West, proposing "to go by land" to Mexico, and 

 "July 20th " encamped between Amaye and Naguatex (Nacodoche) ; but "in the beginning of Octo- 

 ber " at a river called Daycao, "a hundred and fifty leagues " from the Mississippi and on the border 

 of the country traversed by Cabega de Vaca, he decided to return to Nilco. Leaving Nilco " in the 

 beginning of December," he proceeded direct to the Mississippi at Minoya, and built brigantines ; 

 calkin°- them with "tow of an hearb like hempe " called " enequen " (Apocynum cannabimtm), as well 

 as with "the flaxe of the countrie" (Linum Virginicum), and making cables "of the barkes of mul- 

 berrie trees" {Morus rubra). Of other plants met with, "Where there be mountaines there be 

 chestnuts" {Castanea Americana) "somewhat smaller then " ours ; a fruit "like unto peares rial]," 

 growing "on a plant like ligoacan" and having "a verie good smell and an excellent taste" (Asimina 

 triloba), is planted by the natives "through all the countrie;" there groweth also "in the open field" 

 a "fruit like unto strawberries, close to the ground, which hath a verie good taste " {Fragaria Vir- 

 giniana) : of animals, " wild hennes as big as turkies " {Meleagris gallipavo wild) ; and " certaine 

 blacke birds bigger than sparrows and lesser than stares" {Molothms pecoris). The brigantines 

 being finished, Alvarado left "July 2d, 1543," on the same day "with the helpe of ores" floated past 

 Guachoya, and at the end of " seventeene daies, which may be two hundred and fifty leagues," came 

 to the sea! Following the coast Westward, he arrived " Sept. 10th in the river of Panuco " with " three 

 hundred and eleven " men surviving, and proceeded to the town and church. 



" Auo-. '23d" (D'Avezac edit.), arrival of Jacques Cartier on his Third voyage at his former sta- 

 tion in theSt Lawrence near Stadacone ; in advance of Roberval or Jean-Francois de la Roque, who 

 had been appointed lieutenant-general of Canada, Hochelaga, Saguenay, and the surrounding prov- 

 inces After sending back two of his ships, " Sept. 2d," Cartier proceeded up the river to examine 

 the rapids above Hochelaga ; and returned to winter at a fort constructed "four leagues" from the 

 first one and called Charlesbourg. m 



