OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 887 



A triplex portulaccoides of the seashore of Europe and the Mediterranean countries. Called in 

 Britain sea-purslane (Prior), a name " see porcelline " given by Turner pi. who found the plant on 

 Porbek Isle and frequent on the seashore of Friesland : — A. portulaccoides is described also by 

 Plukenet aim. pi. 61 ; is termed "a. maritima angustissimo folio " by Tournefort inst. 505 ; continues 

 on the seashore of Britain (Engl. bot. pi. 261, and Pers.) ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, 

 on the maritime rocks of Samos and other Greek islands ; by Forskal, and Delile, along the Mediter- 

 ranean shore of Egypt, near Rosetta and on islets within Lake Menzaleh. 



Asperula arvensis of Europe and the' adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Turner — (Spreng.), 

 and Dodoens pempt. pi. 355; termed "gallium arvense flore cteruleo " by Tournefort inst. 115, "a. 

 ciliata" by Moench, and known to occur in cultivated and especially calcareous soil in middle Europe 

 (Pers.) ; was observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in cultivated ground "from the Peloponnesus to the 

 Greek islands. Has recently made its appearance in Britain, in three widely-separated localities 

 (Wats., and A. Dec). 



" September," Cieza de Leon Ixviii. passing through the valley of Pacasmayu to join soldiers from 

 Popayan on their way to Truxillo, Lima, and Xauxa, to chastise the rebellion. — " In 1549," he pro- 

 ceeded as far as the silver-yielding province of Charchas ; and returning to Lima, "finished writing 

 his notes on the 8th of September 1550, and sailed for Spain; " where he died "about 1560" (Mark- 

 ham introd. p. ix.). 



"In this year" (Markham edit. p. 227), after holding the office of bishop of Lima eight years, 

 Fray Geronimo Loayza now "the first archbishop." — He held three autos-de-f^ at Lima, in one of 

 which John Millar of Flanders was burned as a Lutheran, prior to the introduction of the Inquisition 

 "in 1569:" at the first auto-de-fe' under the Inquisition "in 1573," a Frenchman was burned as a 

 heretic, Loayza dying "in 1575." 



"The same year" (Hakluyt hi. 131, and Holmes), the first act of the English parliament relating 

 to America, Prohibiting exactions from fishermen visiting Newfoundland. Sebastian Cabot, return- 

 ing in this year to England, urged the possibility of a Northeast Passage ; giving rise to the com- 

 mercial association of " Merchant Adventurers," and the freeing of English commerce from the yoke 

 of the Hanse Towns. — The association continues in existence (Asher edit. Huds.). 



" 1549 A. D." (Univ. hist, xxxix. 217, and Holmes), the city of Bahia or St. Salvador founded 

 by the Portuguese : being "the first European settlement in Brazil." Joannes Stadius anchored "in 

 this year" at St. Catharine, — and "in 1554," left the harbour of "Rio de Ienero," called " Ganabara " 

 by the natives (De Bry). 



As early as this year, Lucas Ghini corresponding with Matthioli. — He died "in 1556" (Spreng.). 



"August 15th" (art de verif., and Thunb. trav. iv. 30), arrival in Japan of the first Christian 

 missionary, the Jesuit Francois Xavier ; bringing three Japanese, whom he had converted at Goa. 



" 1550, February" (Alst), in France, edict of Henri II., Against judges who should be too remiss 

 in convicting persons of Protestantism. 



In or about this year (Neal, and Holmes), refusal of bishop Hooper "to be consecrated in the 

 popish habits : " the beginning of the controversy that led to the Puritan separation from the Church 

 of England. 



"April 22d" (Schmied. p. xii), letter from Gesner to his friend Io. Kentmann. 



" In this year" (biogr. univers.) Adam Lonicer publishing botanical writings, enumerating .... 



His Stirp. Histor. is quoted by Matthioli comm. 108, his Krauterbuch was published "in 1573" 



(Spreng.), and he died "in 1586." 



" In this year, one year more or less " (G. de la Vega ix. 17), the ox-plough introduced at Cuzco, 

 G. de la Vega * at this time a boy being present : the natives flocking from all quarters to witness 

 the novel spectacle, and concluding, " That the Spaniards were too idle to work, and that they forced 

 those great animals to do their work for them." 



* Avona cherimolia of Peru. The chirimoya ; the "fruit in the country of the Antis " called by 

 the Spaniards "manjar bianco" from resemblance "in colour and taste," of "the size of a small 

 melon," having within "some small black pips which are not good to eat" contained in a "highly 

 esteemed " pulp, " sweet and just the least bit acid, so as to increase its luscious flavour," — may be 

 compared : A. cherimolia was observed by Feuillee iii. pi. 17, and myself, under cultivation in Peru; 

 but is indigenous I was assured by Mr. Matthews in ravines towards the Equator. By European 

 colonists was carried to Venezuela and New Granada (Humb. and Bonpl.) : to Brazil (Mart.) and 

 the mountains of Jamaica (Mac fad.) ; to the Cape Verd Islands and Guinea (fl. Nigr., and A. Dec.) ; 

 and "in 1833 " to the environs of Bombay (Graham). 



