888 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



"The same year" (A. Dec. geogr. bot. p. 874), arrival of Garcias at Goa. 



"In the middle of the Sixteenth century" (Kobell iv.), in Bohemia, staining glass with cobalt 

 ores, discovered by Christopher Schiirer of Platten. — This stained glass pulverized, forms the pig- 

 ment sold under the name of "smalt or cobalt-blue." 



" In the days of their ancestors" (according to the account of the natives to Dillon ii. p. 112, 

 Hale ethnogr. Expl. Exp.), Tikopia Island invaded by "five large canoes from Tongatabu, the crews 

 of which committed great ravages." 



" 1551, February" (art de verif.), arrival of the Jesuit Francois Xavier at court in Meaco : after 

 "fifteen days." he returned without obtaining audience ; and " Nov. 20th," left Japan for the Indies. 

 On reaching his destination, and sending three of his colleagues, Jesuits, to Japan, — Francois Xavier 

 left Malacca for China, and died " Dec. 2d 1552" at the isle of Sancian on the coast of Ouantong. 



" In this year" (Schmied.), letter from Gesner to Benedict. Aretius ; and Aretius sending plants 

 to Gesner, including "anckenballen damasonii aliqua species" 235 Cypripedium calceolus (Gesn. ii. 

 fig. 63). — He died "in 1578." 



Denlaria pentaphvllos of the mountains of middle Europe. Termed " wilder senff foliis quinis " 

 by Aretius as sent to Gesner ii. fig. 1, "d. digitata" by Lamarck; described also by Matthioli 684 

 (Spreng.), and Gouan ill. 42 ; and known to grow on the mountains of Switzerland (Pers.). 



As early as this year (Mattbiol. comm. D. ii. 163), Anguillara corresponding with Matthioli, also 

 enumerating "nor di velluto " Celosia castrcnsh. 



" 1552 A. D." (Alst.), in Germany, Augsburg captured, and other successes of the Protestants. 



" The same year" (Robertson ii. 388, and Holmes), discovery of the rich silver mines in Mexico. 



" IS53 A. D." (Pauth. 407), the coasts of China infested by Hoang-tchi ; a pirate chief com- 

 manding a fleet of " a hundred sea-going vessels." 



" May 10th " (Asher edit. Huds., and Churchill coll.), sailing of Hugh Willoughby in command 

 of the first Northeastern Expedition sent out by the " Merchant Adventurers." "Aug. 14th." he dis- 

 covered land in "72 N." (Nova Zembla) : and "after losing the company of his other two ships," 

 entered the harbour of Arzina in Lapland : there were " no inhabitants, but thinking to have wintered 

 there," all on board "were frozen to death " Of the other ships, one commanded by Richard Chan- 

 cellor succeeded in getting to the inhabited Bay of St. Nicholas or the White Sea, "being the first 

 ship" (since the days of Other) "that ever came upon " the North coast of Russia. 



"July 6th" (Alst, and Nicol. 337), death of Edward VI. of England, after naming a successor ; 

 vainly attempting to exclude his sister Mary, who was a Catholic. 



"October" (Alst. p. 391 and 557), at Paris, many Protestants burned alive. And at Geneva, 

 Michael Servetus burned alive by the Protestants ; for maintaining " nullam esse in deo realem gene- 

 rationem aut distinctionem " there is no real generation nor distinction of persons in God. 



"The same year" (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Johannes Funccius. 



As early perhaps as this vi'ar (see Spreng.), Anguillara travelling throughout Italy, Corsica, 

 Sardinia. Illyria, Sclavonia, the Greek islands and Crete, meeting with A triplex veneta on the strand 

 of the Adriatic, Cytisus spinosus on Corsica 62, " caccialepre " of the Italians 109 Mulgedium perenne, 

 Bunium Copticum 130, Centaurea crocoddium 141, Ranunculus philonotis 178, A'epeta iiepetella 202, 

 "doricnio" 270 Dorycnium herbaceum, Cynauchitm acutum 274, "poligala" 290 Polygala flavescens. 



Arum teiiuifii/iitm of the Mediterranean countries. Observed by Anguillara not far from Rome, 

 as well as in Dalmatia and the Peloponnesus, and communicated to Matthioli pi. : — described also 

 by Clusius hist. ii. pi. 74 (Spreng.) ; and known to grow in Southern France near Montpelier (Pers.). 



Iberis umbellata of the West Mediterranean countries. Called in Britain Candy-tuft or Candy- 

 mustard (Prior) from supposed Cretan origin, in Italy " tlaspi a mazetti " (Lenz) ; described by 

 Anguillara p. 171 (Spreng.) ; observed by Lenz wild in Italy ; known to grow also in Spain and as 

 far as France (Pers ). By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues 

 under cultivation as a garden flower. 



As early at least as this year (....), Lopez de Gomara writing.* — His work was published 

 in Spanish at Antwerp in " 1554." 



* Mimosa pudica of Tropical America. The sensitive plant described by Lopez de Gomara — 

 (C. Bauhin), and Martinus del Barco (Barcia, and Spreng.), received also by Commelyn hort. i. pi. 

 29 from Brazil. Farther West, was carried by Polynesians to the islands of the Pacific, observed by 

 myself a frequent weed on the Taheitian, Samoan, and Tongan Islands ; by C. Acosta, and myself, 

 throughout the Malayan archipelago ; by Mason v. 432 to 771, "exotic" in Burmah and called "hte- 

 ka-yung," cultivated by the natives, but besides naturalized ; by Gardner (bot. mag. 1S4R), a weed on 

 Ceylon ; by Roxburgh, in Hindustan ; by Graham, "in gardens common " around Bombay and called 

 " lajalu " or "lajuck." By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues 

 in greenhouses, and according to Chapman, has become "partially naturalized in some localities" in 

 our Southern States. 



