892 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



/ jEscithts hippocastanum of Central Asia. The horse-cheslnut made known in this year through 

 a description sent by Quakelbeen from Constantinople to Matthioli — (Spreng.) : is described also 

 by Clusius, Parkinson th. 1402, and Rivinus ; is termed "hippocastanum vulgare " by Tournefort 

 inst. 612; and continues under cultivation for ornament throughout middle Europe; was observed 

 by Hawkins in Greece, on the mountains Pelion and Pindus (Sibth.). By European colonists, was 

 carried to Northeast America, where it continues planted for ornament in our Northern and Middle 

 States, but does not succeed in the Latitude of Egypt in our Southern States. 



Not later than this date (Spreng.), Iul. Caes. Scaliger endeavouring to refute Hieron. Carda- 

 nus, in regard to novel plants in America described by Oviedo and Monardes. — Scaliger died 

 "in 1558." 



Fragaria Chiloensis of Northwest America. A dioecious strawberry bearing very large fruit, 

 and called in Chilian "quelghen" (Molin.) : "in this year" according to G. de la Vega viii. 11 the 

 fruit called "chili " arrived at Cuzco, having "a very pleasant taste" and growing "on very low 

 shrubs almost trailing on the ground," with " little grains outside like the fruit of an arbutus, and is 

 the same size, not round, but rather long, in the shape of a heart," — may be compared. Farther 

 South, the best quality of fruit of F. Chiloensis comes according to Molina from the Chilian provinces 

 of Puchacay and Huilquilemu. The plant was carried by Frezier "in 1712 " from Conception to 

 Europe (Pers ) ; is described by Miller . . , and Dillenius elth. pi. 120; and from Europe was car- 

 ried to the West Indies, requiring according to Descourtilz " - to be sown with other kinds under 

 penalty of sterility." 



" 1558, Jan. 8th " (Blair), Calais re-captured from the French. Who were commanded by the 

 duke of Guise, minister to Henri II. 



"The same year" (Alst. p. 493), a remarkable comet. And the abdication of Charles V., his 

 brother Ferdinand becoming emperor of Germany and Italy. 



" Nov. 17th " (Alst., and Nicol.). queen Mary of England succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth. 

 The Protestants now restored to power, and an act of Parliament Forbidding obeying the pope. 



" The same year" (art de verif.), Gonara succeeded by his son Ookimatz, now dairo of Japan. 



"The same year" (Holmes), in Peru, the Inca and his wife "in rich attire and costly liveries " 

 baptized at Cuzco : the historian Vega being present. 



" In this year" (Asher edit. Huds. p. xcvi), the mouth of the Straits (afterwards called Hudson's) 

 known to the Portuguese, as appears from maps. 



'• In this or the following year " (Yule cath. i. p. cxliii), Anthony Jenkinson and the two Johnsons 

 visiting Bokhara by the way of Russia. 



" 1550 A. D." (Alst.), Protestants persecuted by queen Mary of Scotland. 



"In this year" (Spreng., and Winckler), Bartolomeo Maranta publishing his Method, cogn. 

 simplic. — He published his Nov. Herb, "in 1571." 



"The same year" (Spreng.), arrival of Cuilandinus in Egypt. — Where he remained during a 

 portion of the following \e.ir. 



"1560, March" (Iilair), in France, the conspiracy at Amboise, initiating civil war against the 

 "Huguenots" — (another name for Protestants). 



"The same year" (Alst.), by Philip, now Philip II. of Spain, many foreigners especially Span- 

 iards introduced into Belgium. — And after two years, notwithstanding the remonstrances of the 

 Belgians, three new archbishops and several bishops introduced by pope Pius IV, 



" In this year " (Schmied.), letters from Gesner to lo. Fabricius, and J. Bauhin. 



" In this year" (Markh. edit. p. viii), Polo de Ondogardo, corregidor of Cuzco, writing on the 

 Peruvians. 



" In this year " (narrat. i. to ix, and Markh.) Garcilasso de la Vega leaving Peru, at which time 

 there was no coine.t money in the country. — He commenced writing in Spain, continued writing 

 "in 1604," and died "in jf>[6." 



" 1561, September" (Alst.), the general Council of Trent revived by pope Pius IV. 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Anguillara, after receiving information in Crete from Robertus Con- 

 stantinus, publishing his Simplicib. ; enumerating Caucalis grandiflora 217. — He died in " 1570." 



" In this year " (Schmied. and Spreng.), Gesner editing the botanical writings of Valerius Cordus, 

 publishing his Hort. germ., and preparing drawings for his botanical work, enumerating "juncus 

 idaeus vel petraeus " ii. fig. 16 Juncus trifidus, " chamaecerasus bergkriesse " ii. fig. 43 Xylosteuin 

 a/pigenum, " satyrii species quam monorchin dixeris " ii. fig. 64 Herminium monorchis, •' calathiana 

 autumnalis " ii. fig. 88 Gentiana ciliata, "pentaphyllum alpinum aureum " ii. 97 Potentilla cinerea, 

 "lapathi genus sylvestre minus" hort. f. 263 Potamogetou scrratus, "nummularia sylvatica" hort. f. 

 268 Lysimachia nemoruin, Thaintrum tuberosum ad Cord. f. 98, A rtemisia Austriaca ad Cord. f. 

 107, Chrysanthemum corymbouuu ad Cord. f. 140, Asplenium Germanicum ad Cord. f. 127. 



Epilobium palustre of Northern climates. — Described by Tabernaemontanus vi. 1238 (Spreng.) ; 



