OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 895 



Century at various points on the Southern shore of the island (Ait. ed. 1, Curt. mag. pi. 101, Engl, 

 bot. pi. 1729, and Wats.), occurs also more adventive near Aberdeen (A. Dec). 



Gypsophila muralis of middle Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Figured by Gesner 

 t. II. f. 95 — (Spreng.) ; termed " cariophyllus minimus muralis" by C. Bauhin pin. 211, "lychnis 

 annua minima flore carneo lineis purpureis distinctis" by Tournefort inst. 338, and known to grow 

 from Lapland throughout middle Europe (Mentz. pi. 7, Dill., and Pers.) : observed by Linnaeus in 

 sandy roads in Lapland and Sweden ; by Sibthorp, on the Bithynian Olympus. 



Myriophyllum ■verticillatum of Northern climates. Called in Britain water-milfoil (Prior) ; 

 figured by Gesner 16. f. 144 aen. — (Spreng.) ; observed by Gmelin from the Yaik to the Angara, by 

 Bunge in Northern China, by Ledebour in middle Siberia and around Caucasus (A. Dec.) ; and known 

 to grow from Subarctic Sweden to Switzerland (fl. Dan. pi. 1046, Engl. bot. pi. 218, and Wats.) ; 

 was observed by Brotero in Northern Portugal ; by Desfontaines, and Munby, in Barbary. West- 

 ward, by Hooker on Iceland ; and is attributed to North America by Michaux, Nuttall, and others. 

 Probably by European colonists was carried to Chili, observed there by C. Gay fl. ii. 387. 



Onobrychis sati-ua of middle Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain sain- 

 foin or French grass or " foenum Burgundiacum " (Prior), in Bretagne " foin francais," in other parts 

 of France "sainfoin" or " esparcette," its cultivation beginning in the Sixteenth century (A. Dec ) : 

 O. sativa is described by Gesner, — Lobel pi. 335, Thalius, and C. Bauhin (Willd.) ; is known to 

 grow wild in Italy (Scop., and Lenz), Southern France, and Germany (Jacq. austr. pi. 352, and Pers.) ; 

 and its cultivation was introduced into Britain before 1578, as appears from Lyte. Eastward, was 

 observed by Bory in the Peloponnesus ; is known to grow wild in Southern Russia and as far as 

 Caucasus (Ledeb., and A. Dec.) ; and according to Clot-Bey, has been recently introduced into Egypt. 

 By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where an attempt at cultivation near Salem 

 did not prove altogether successful, and the plant after a few years disappeared. 



Xeranlhemum Orientate of the Tauro-Caspian countries. Figured by Gesner 8. f. 68 lign., — ■ 

 and the "jacea pusilla incana " of Lobel hist. pi. 545 is referred here by Sprengel : described also by 

 Willdenow, and Desfontaines ; and known to grow in Armenia (Pers.). 



Erigeion alpinum of Polar climates and mountain-summits in lower latitudes. Figured by 

 Gesner t. 4. f. 45 — (Spreng.) ; termed " asteri montano purpureo similis vel globulariae " by J. 

 Bauhin hist. ii. pi. 1047, — " aster atlicus caeruleus minor" by Tournefort inst. 481, "a. m. p. s. v. g. 

 calyce villoso " by Scheuchzer alp. 329, " a. m. omnium minimus foliis oblongis floribus albis " by 

 Vaillant act. 1720, and known to grow in Lapland and Scotland, also on the Pyrenees and mountains 

 of Switzerland and Carniolia (Pers., Dec, and Hook.) : observed by Linnaeus, frequent on the moun- 

 tains of Lapland ; by Pallas, at 67 on the Oby ; by Sibthorp, on the Bithynian Olympus. Westward, 

 by Hooker in Iceland, and received from the Arctic shore of America; was observed by Sabine, in 

 Greenland ; by Colm in Labrador (Pnrsh) ; is known to grow in Russian America (Wats.), and 

 though not seen by Lapylaie in Newfoundland, was found by Goldie not far from Quebec (Hook.). 

 In the Southern Hemisphere, by J. D. Hooker at the Southern extreme of America. " E. uniflorum " 

 is regarded as not distinct. 



Veronica triphyllos of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Gesner 16. f. 

 140 aen. — (Spreng.); termed "alsine parva erecta folio alsines hederaceae sed ruts modo divisa" 

 by Lobel pi. 464, "a. triphyllos caerulea " by C. Bauhin pin. 250 (Linn.), "v. verna trifido vel quin- 

 quefido folio " by Tournefort inst. 145 : is known to grow throughout middle Europe (Riv. pi. 96, 

 Oed. Dan. pi. 627, and Pers.) ; was observed by Linnaeus on the margin of fields as far as Scania in 

 Sweden; by Sibthorp pi. 10, in open ground in Thrace and on the Bosphorus towards the Black Sea. 

 Veronica scutellata of Northern climates. The " gratiola minima " of Gesner i. fig. 87 — may be 

 compared: V. scutellata is described by J. Bauhin hist. 780; is termed "anagallis aquatica angusti- 

 folia scutellata" by C. Bauhin pin. 252, "veronica aquatica angustiore folio" by Tournefort inst. 145 

 (Linn.), and is known to grow throughout Northern Europe and Asia : was observed by Linnaeus 

 in Lapland and Sweden, by Watson on the Orkney Islands (A. Dec), by Oeder 209 in Denmark, by 

 Ledebour in Finland and Russia, by Gmelin throughout Siberia, by Decandolle in France, by Savi in 

 Etruria, and by Desfontaines, and Munby, in Algeria. Westward, was observed by Hooker in Ice- 

 land; by Michaux, in streams flowing into Hudson Bay; by myself, along the Atlantic as far as 42 

 30', by Nuttall to 40° near Philadelphia, and by Beck 261 in Virginia; by Drummond at 54 on the 

 Saskatchewan, near Fort Cumberland. 



Gentiana prostrata of alpine summits from Austria to East Siberia, the Rocky mountains, and 

 Cape Horn. The " gentianellae alpinae species prima " of Gesner ii. fig. 85 — may be compared : 

 G. prostrata was observed by Haenke on the summits of the Salsburg Alps (Jacq. coll. ii. pi. 17) ; is 

 known to tow on mountains near Caucasus (Koch), on the Altaian mountains as well as in East 

 Siberia and on Unalaska (Ledeb.) ; was observed by Chamisso on the seashore at Bering Straits ; 

 was received by Hooker from the summits of the Rocky mountains in " 52 ," and from the East side 



