896 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



of the Chilian Andes in "35 ; " was observed by J. D. Hooker along the sea-margin at Cape Negro 

 in Southern Chili, and in the Straits of Magellan (A. Dec). 



Juncus uliginjsus of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. A rush termed "juncus ramu- 

 losus " by Gesner ii. fig. 12, — "gramen junceum folio articuloso cum utriculis" by C. Bauhin prodr. 

 12. "j. foliis articulosis floribus umbellatis cum utriculis'' by Tournefort inst. 247, and known to 

 grow in wet places throughout middle Europe (Sibth. oxon. 115, Smith ft. brit. 380, Engl. bot. pi. 

 8oi, and Pers.) : observed by Sibthorp frequent in the marshes of Greece. 



Ophrys arachnites of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Called in Britain spider orchis 

 (Prior) : termed " orchis larvatus .... foliis tribus superioribus ex fusco albicantibus " by Gesner ii. 

 fig. 68, — " orchis araneam referens " by Tournefort inst. 434, and known to grow throughout middle 

 Europe (Pers.) : observed by Vailhnt pi. 30 in the environs of Paris; by Haller pi. 24, in Switzer- 

 land ; and by Sibthorp, in the Peloponnesus. 



Plumbago Europcaa of Peru ? Called in France " dentelaire " from having been used to remove 

 toothache (Lindl.), in Greece "lepithohorton " (. . . . ), in Illyria "curcurida;" figured by Gesner 

 10. f. 83 — (Spreng.); known to Pena as found around Rome (T. Johnson in Ger. emend. 1254); 

 described also by Columna ecphr. 161 ; termed "erba di S. Antonio" by Caesalpini, and Micheli 

 (Targ.), "p. quorundam" by Tournefort inst. 141; observed by Forskal, Sibthorp, and Chaubard, 

 frequent along roadsides from the Peloponnesus to Asia Minor and the Greek islands ; but the genus 

 is essentially Tropical, foreign to the Mediterranean countries, and according to Persoon, P. Europaja 

 is found also in Peru. The plant according to Lindley is "very acrid," recommended as "a kind of 

 potential cautery," and in decoction "as a stimulating wash." 



Potamogeton pusillus of all climates. An aquatic figured by Gesner 17. f. 147 — (Spreng.); 

 observed by Vaillant pi. 32 in the environs of Paris — (Pers.); by Bieberstein around Caucasus; 

 and known to grow from Lapland and Russia to Ireland and Switzerland (Wats.), also on the 

 Canary Islands (Kunth en.), and in Guinea (fl. nigr.). Westward, was observed by Hooker on Ice- 

 land ; according to Watson, grows in British America and the United States; and according to A. 

 Gray, is "rather common northward." In the Southern Hemisphere, was observed by Gay fl. in 

 Chili (A. Dec). 



Allium descendens of the Mediterranean countries. Figured by Gesner n. f. 96 lign. — 

 (Spreng.); described by Rudbeck elys. ii. pi. 160; — and according to Persoon growing in Switzer- 

 land : was observed by Sibthorp abounding on various Greek islands as far as Cyprus and the shores 

 of Caramania. 



Allium nigrum of the Mediterranean countries. Figured by Gesner 11. f. 97 lign. — (Spreng.); 

 observed by Desfontaines i. in Algeria; by Gouan pi. 16 near Montpelier ; by Jacquin i. pi. 10, in 

 Austria; by Sibthorp, and Gittard, from the Peloponnesus to Cyprus. "A. magi cum " observed 

 by Sauvages 18 near Montpelier, and described by Linnaeus, is regarded by Chaubard as not distinct. 



Ornithogahim Arabicum of Madeira or Barbary. Figured by Gesner 11. f. 95 lign. — (Spreng.); 

 also described by Besler v. pi. 12, — and Rudbeck elys. pi. 130 ; known to occur on Madeira and in 

 Barbary (Pers.), and received by Linnaeus fl. pal. from Egypt (Del.). 



" Dec. 3d" (Alst., and Nicol. 206 and 264), concluding session of the Council of Trent. — In the 

 beginning of the following year, the Council and its proceedings were confirmed by pope Pius IV. : 

 closing the series of general ecclesiastical Councils. 



" 1564 A. D. = 43d year of the ' kia-tsing ' of Chi-tsoung II." (Chinese chron. table), beginning 

 of the Seventy-first cycle. 



"The same year" (Talvi i.), by Ivan IV., often called Ivan II., printing introduced into Russia, 

 and an edition of the "Apostle" issued. Schools were also established by Ivan IV. in all the cities 

 of his dominions. 



"June 25th" (Hakluyt iii. 323 to 336, and Holmes), arrival in Florida of Laudonniere with a 

 colony of French Protestants, at the river of May (St. John's) situated "in thirtie degrees and tetter" 

 (J. Hawkins). Not above two leagues "from the mouth," he built a fort and named it Caroline ; in 

 honour of the reigning king of France, Charles IX. 



In the country around (De Bry edit.), J. Le Moyne remarked "quercus" (Q. virens, Q, falcata, 

 Q. aquatica, and O. nigra), "aquifolia" (flex opaca), " pruna fructu eleganti " {P. Chicasd). and 

 " exigui quidam fructus " called by the French " bleves " ( Vaccinium ?). 



"In this year" (De Murgi 16), under instructions "to endeavour to pacify" the natives of the 

 Philippines, "reduce them to submission," and "to receive the holy Catholic faith," Miguel Lopez 

 de Legazpi from Mexico arriving at the island of Sebu. He was "peacefully received," but the 

 natives afterwards seeking to kill him, were "conquered and subjected." Seeing what had taken 

 place, the natives of neighbouring islands voluntarily tendered their submission ; and in one house 

 was found "a carved image of Jesus," held in great reverence, and supposed to have "remained there 

 from the fleet of Magellan." 



