898 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Tropceolum minus of the Peruvian Andes. Transported to Europe, is termed " nasturtium indi- 

 cum" by Dodoens — (C. Bauhin, and Willd.) ; is described also by Monardes 348, Lobel hist. 338, 

 and Linnxus ; and under cultivation as a garden flower has become doubled ; was observed by Fors- 

 kal in gardens at Constantinople. Westward, is termed " nasturtium peruinum " by Hernandez, as 

 seen by him in Mexico. 



Pennhetum tvphoideum of Tropical America ? A reedy millet, called in France " millet a chan- 

 delles" (Del), in Greece "phragkokeghri " (Fraas), in Egypt included under the general name 

 '"dokhn" (Clot-Bey), in Nubia called '■ herneh " (Del.), in Hindustanee " bajara " (D'roz.), in the 

 environs of Bombay "bajree" (Graham) : transported to Europe, is described by Dodoens pi. — 

 and termed "panici americani" by Clusius rar. ii. 216: harvested spikes were observed by myself in 

 various Mediterranean countries, and the living plant by Fraas 311 under cultivation in Greece; by 

 Clot-Bey, in Egypt; by Delile, at the first cataract of the Nile, and sown generally in the country of 

 the Blacks, but in Equatorial Africa was seen by Grant only along the Indian Ocean ; by myself, 

 under cultivation at Muscat. Farther East, was received by Plukenet aim. pi. 32 from " India; orien- 

 talis ; " was observed by Roxburgh i. 283 in Hindustan ; by Graham, in the environs of Bombay 

 "extensively cultivated and forms a very important article of food to the natives;" and varieties 

 hardly more than a foot high, bearing a short ovoid spike, were observed by myself under cultivation 

 on the Deccan. Westward from the Mediterranean, was observed by N. A, Ware in Carolina, Geor- 

 gia, Alabama, and Florida; by Croom, under cultivation in Florida; and according to Chapman, is 

 "commonly cultivated" with Setaria Italica " as green food for cattle." 



"April" (Hakl., and Holmes), arrival in Florida of a retaliatory expedition under Dominique de 

 Gourgues, fitted out at his own expense. The three forts at the river of May were captured, and the 

 Spanish soldiers were all put to death. The affair was however disavowed by Charles IX , and no 

 further attempts were made by the French, to establish settlements in that portion of America. 



" The same year " (Hakl., Purch., Holmes, and Major edit. De Morga 64), a fleet under Alvaro 

 de Mendana sent from Peru Westward. A cluster of islands was discovered in "eleven degrees 

 south latitude," was named " Solomon Islands," and the principal island " St. Christopher." 



"1569 A. D." (Alst.), by Maximilian II. emperor of Germany and Italy, futile intercession in 

 favour of the Belgians. 



As early as this year (Asher edit. Huds. p. xcvi), the inland sea (now called Hudson's Bay) dis- 

 covered : — delineated in Ortelius's atlas published "in 1570." 



" it;7o A. D." (Alst.), end of the chronicle of Onuphrius Panvinius. 



"In this year" (Markham edit, laws of the Incas p. 3), Sebastian de Artaun appointed bishop 

 of Cuzco, to whom Christoval de Molina dedicates his Fables and rites of the Incas. His writings — 

 formed the base of the History by Miguel Cavello Balboa, commenced at Quito "in 1576," and fin- 

 ished "in 1586." 



"In this year" (Spreng., and Winckl.), Lobel of Belgium publishing his Stirp. nov. advers., 

 enumerating Fraukenia pulverulenta 196, Potypodiuiu lycopodioides, Hypecoum pendulum 330, Pedi- 

 cularis tuberosa 326, Potentilla subacaulis 209, Suffrcuia filifonnis adv. 227, Crocus reticulatus ii. 

 497, "gramen avenaceum rariori grano danicum " ii. 4^5 Melica u?iiflora, Scabijsa (Cephalariii) 

 alftina 233, Plantago albicans 18, "polygonum montanum niveum" adv. 180 Paronychia capitata, 

 " saxifraga Anglorum " 351 Angelica carvifolia, "laserp. massiliense " 313 Laserpitium Gallicum, 

 " peucedani facie pusilla planta" 331 Pimpinella dioica, "limonium maritimum " 123 Stalice oleaefolia 

 123, Haemanthus coccineus 2. 503, Pancratium amoenum 2. 502, Crinum Americanum 2. 501, Aphyl- 

 lanthes Monspelicnsis 190, Frankenia laevis 180, Sideritis scordinides 225, " verbascum sylvestre " 

 241 Phlomis Italica, " thlaspi minus umbellatum " 75 Iberis pinuata, "althaea" 294 Lavateia olbia, 

 "lagopus" 384 Trifolium angustifolium, Lotus siliquosus 3S5, A/edicago marina 3S3, "medicae spec, 

 secunda" 383 M. turbinata, " stoechas citrina altera " 203 Serratula dubia, Carthamus earauncellus 

 374, Balsamita ageratifolia 2. 509, " tertium anglicum " 202 Gnaphalium sylvaticum, "minor Nar- 

 bonensium " 147, "aster montanus hirsutus " 148 Inula montana, Senecio artctnisiaefolius 333, " her- 

 bariorum anthemis cbrysanthemos " 343 Anaeyclus aureus, " cotula s. parthenium maritimum" 345 

 Anthemis maritima, " chameleon non aculeatus " 367 Centaurea (Leusia) co/ii/era, "jacea humilis 

 serpens" 235 Centaurea pullata, "spina alba" 369 Echinops strigosus, Liparis Loeselii 2. 506, Typha 

 media 41, "terebinthus minor" 411 Pistacia reticulata. 



Caryolopha sempervirens of the West Mediterranean countries. Described by Lobel adv. 247 

 — (Spreng.) ; observed by Gerarde only under cultivation in Britain, termed "anchusa sempervirens " 

 by Linnaeus, and known to grow in Spain (Pers.) and Piedmont (All.). In Britain, between 1690 and 

 1724, made its appearance in one locality in Kent (edit. Dillen.) ; two additional localities are men- 

 tioned by Hudson " in 1778 ; " localities in six different counties are mentioned by J E. Smith " in 

 1800," and in eleven "in 1824;" and "in 1.849," Watson mentions the plant as occurring along 

 hedges and roadsides in seventeen of the eighteen districts into which he divides Britain (A. Dec). 



