OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 901 



botanical work, enumerating, Jatropha multifida 334, Convolvulus mechoacanha 334. — The Second 

 part contains a letter from Peru bearing the date of 1578. 



Tropaolum majus of Peru. The garden nasturtium, called in Egypt " tortour el-bachnh" 

 (....), described by Monardes 348 — (Spreng.), and "in 1684" introduced into Europe (Pers.); 

 termed "cardamindum majus " by Moench ; and observed by Delile, and Clot-Bey, in the gardens of 

 Egypt. By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, where it continues under culti- 

 vation for ornament and its capsules pickled ; also to Hindustan, observed by Graham in "gardens " 

 at Bombay. 



Hymentza courbaril of Tropical America. From transported specimens described by Monardes 

 2 97 — (Spreng.), C. Bauhin pin. 404, and Plukenet aim. pi. 82. Westward, was observed by Macfad- 

 yen a large forest-tree frequent on Jamaica; is known to grow also in Brazil, where the transparent 

 resin exuding between the principal roots is called "jatchy" or "jatahy" or in Minas Geraes 

 " jatoba," is used medicimlly and for various kinds of varnish (Martius, and Lindl.), and is exported 

 under the name of American gum animi (Descourt, and Mason). By European colonists, the living 

 tree has recently been introduced into Hindustan (Graham), and Burmah (Mason v. 486). 



Stnilax Mauritiana of the West Mediterranean countries. Monardes thinks that the sarsapa- 

 rilla^ of Spain, which is the root of " smilax aspera," possesses the same properties as that from 

 Mexico : — Alpinus ascertained that a portion of the sarsaparilla of commerce was produced in the 

 Mediterranean countries ; and the kind most esteemed in Egypt was found by Forskal mat. med. to 

 come " from Barbary : " S. Mauritiana is described by Duhamel, and Poiret ; and was observed in 

 Barbary by Desfontaines ii. 367 (Pers.). 



" '575 A. D." (Alst, and Blair), founding of the University at Leyden ; Janus Dousa made the 

 first rector. 



" In this year " (Spreng., and Winckler), Lorenzo Perez, an apothecary of Toledo, publishing 

 De la Teriaca. — His Medicament, was published " in 1599." 



" 1576, May" (Blair), signing of the edict of Pacification. Followed in France by a League of 

 the Catholics, against Henri III. and the Protestants.* 



"In this year" (Humb. cosm. ii.), the inclinometer or dipping needle invented in England by 

 Robert Norman. 



"In this year" (Spreng., and Winckler), Lobel publishing his Hist. Stirp., enumerating '■ ligus- 

 ticum alteram Belgarum" hist. 457 Physospermum Coruubiense, "cicutaria maxima Brancionis" hist. 

 422 Ligtisticum athamanthoides. 



Hypochceris radicata of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Termed "hieracium longius 

 radicatum" by Lobel hist. 120, — '■ costole d'asino " by Caesalpinus (Targ.), "hieracium dentis leonis 

 folio obtuso majus " by C. Bauhin pin. 127, and Tournefort inst. 420, and known to grow from Sweden 

 throughout middle Europe (fl. Dan. pi. 150, Curt. lond. iii. pi. 52, and Pers.) : observed by Rosen, 

 and Linnaeus in Sweden, as far as Scania; by Forskal, and Sibthorp, from the Peloponnesus to Con- 

 stantinople. 



"The same year" (Hakl., and Churchill coll.), under instructions from queen Elizabeth, Martin 

 Forbisher seeking a Northwest passage, discovered a Strait in "sixty-three degrees and eight minutes 

 latitude ; " the same that has received his name. After penetrating many leagues, he was prevented 

 by ice ; but had interviews with the natives ; and some of his company landing, procured flowers and 

 specimens of a black mineral. 



"The same year" (Steinschneid. iii. 27), by Moses ben Elia Pobian, the Bible translated from 

 the Hebrew into Modern Greek. 



"In this year" (Spreng., and Winckler), Clusius publishing his Rar. Stirp. Hispan., enumerating 

 "candilera" Phlomis lychnitis 378, Ixia bulbocodium hisp. 259, Iris scorpioides hisp. 274, "sisyrin- 

 chium " hisp. 281 Moraea sisyrinchium, " juncaria Salmanticensis " hisp. 503 Oriegia Hispanica, 



* Psoralea Americana of Madeira. An itch-trefoil, transported to Europe, described by Lobel 

 hist. ii. pi. 31, — Linnaeus, and Jacquin schoenb. ii. pi. 227. Westward, known to grow wild on 

 Madeira (Pers.) ; observed there by myself. 



Cereus Peruvianas of Jamaica. A columnar cactus, thirty to forty feet high, transported to 

 Europe termed "euphorbii arbor" by Lobel hist. ii. 25 — (Spreng.), described also by Linnaeus. 

 Westward, according to Persoon, grows wild on Jamaica. 



Tillandsia utriculata of the West Indies. An air-plant two to three feet high, transported to 

 Europe, termed "peruviana alia aloes facie" by Lobel hist. ii. 204 — (Spreng.) ; described also by 

 Linnaeus. Westward, was observed by P. Browne 194 on Jamaica ; by Leconte, and N. A. Ware, as 

 far North as " 28 " in Florida, the dilated bases of its " leaves form a kind of cup which commonly 

 contains a considerable quantity of water" (Chapman). 



