OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 907 



(Spreng.) ; termed "jacobasa pannonica prima Clusii" by Tournefort inst. 486, "s. incanus pinguis " 

 by C. Bauhin pin. 131, and known to grow wild throughout middle Europe, occurring besides in city 

 streets (fl. Dan. pi. 1230, Engl. bot. pi. 32, and Pers.) : observed by Linnaeus as far as Stockholm, 

 having the aspect of S. vulgaris, but entirely viscid ; by Sibthorp, in the Peloponnesus. 



Linaria purpurea of the mountains of Italy, Sicily, and Greece. Described by Dodoens 183 — 

 (Spreng.), termed "l.'p. major odorata " by Tournefort inst. 170, and known to grow on the basal 

 portion of Vesuvius (Pers.) : observed by Gussone on the mountains of Italy and Sicily ; by Sibthorp, 

 in Greece. In Britain, is mentioned by Miller, and has escaped from cultivation in as many as six 

 different localities (Bab., Wats., and A. Dec). 



" In this year " (Spreng.), Caesalpinus publishing his treatise De plant., enumerating Convolvulus 

 cneorum ix. 27, Salvinia natans xvi. 36, and "panacea" Heracleum alpinum. — (Spreng.). He 

 died " in 1603." 



Briza maxima of the West Mediterranean countries. An ornamental grass called in Greece 

 " skolarikakia " (Sibth.) ; described by Caesalpinus, — Clusius, and C. Bauhin; termed "gramen 

 paniculatum locustis maximis candicantibus tremulis " by Tournefort inst. 523 ; and known to grow 

 in Portugal and Italy (Pers.). Eastward, observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, frequent in cultivated 

 ground in Southern Greece and on the Greek islands. From Europe, was carried by colonists to 

 Northeast America, where it continues to be cultivated in gardens; also, to Austral Africa, and 

 India (Pers.). 



Thymus lanuginosus of Western Europe. The " serpillum citratum " of Caesalpinus xi. 52 — may 

 be compared : T. lanuginosus is described by Miller, and Ehrhart ; was observed by Allioni in 

 Piedmont (Steud.) ; is known to grow farther North in France, and " var. citriodorum" is enumerated 

 by Persoon. 



" In this year " (J. E. Smith, and Spreng.), Clusius publishing his account of plants observed in 

 Pannonia, Austria, etc., enumerating among others Santolina rosmarinifolia, Bupthalmum mariti- 

 mum, and " colchicum pannouicum " Sternbergia cokhiciflora, Cardamine irifolia 456, Veronica 

 latifolia 613, Salvia Atistriaca 579, Pinguicula alpina 361, Kchium violacaim 681, Androsace lactea 

 491, Soldanella montana 354, Viola grandiflora 359, V. biflora 357, Selinum Auslriacum 690, Seseli 

 hippomarathrum 698, Linum alpinu?n 304, Allium senescens 221, Ornithogalum comosum 189, O. 

 pusillum 190, Tofieldia alpina 262, Chimaphila umbellata 507, Silene pumilio 325, Sedum villosum 

 487, Potentilla canescens 429, P. opaca 428, P. aurea 427, P. Clusiana 425, Aconitum Tauricum 407, 

 A. Neubergense 408, A. cernnum 451, A. cammarum 412, A. variegatum 414, Clematis integ'ifolia 

 294, Ranunculus alpestris 364, Isopyrum thaliclroides 379, Mar?-ubium peregrinum 589, Thymus 

 Pannonicus 627, Thymus alpinus 623, Dracoceplialum Austriacum 632, Prunella grandiflora 607, 

 P. laciniata 608, Pedicularis rostrata jog, Biscutella picridifolia 471, Peltaria alliacea 466, Arabis 

 bellidifolia 458, Cytisus capitatus 38, C. supinus 41, Vicia oroboides 741, V. Pannonica 745, Astraga- 

 lus Austriacus 753, A. asper 756, Scorzonera purpurea 639, 5". humilis 635, 6". rosea 637, Carduus 

 Pannonicus 656, Artemisia scoparia 556, Arnica doronicum 518, Achillea Clavennae 553. 



Geranium phaeum of the mountains of middle Europe. Described by Clusius pann. 416 — 

 (Spreng.) ; known in Britain as early as " 1724" as appears from Dillenius (A. Dec.) ; escaping from 

 cultivation, occurs at present only in suspected localities near gardens (Wats. cyb. i. 259 to iii. 400) ; 

 occurs also in Holland (prodr. fl. bat. 54), and in moist meads around Montdidier in the department 

 of Somme (Pauquy fl. somm.). In its wild state, is termed "g. patulum " by Villars, "g. lividum " 

 by L'Heritier, and is known to grow on the mountains of Switzerland from France to Pannonia and 

 Styria (Pers.). 



Gentiana nivalis of the Arctic region and alpine summits farther South. An annual observed 

 by Clusius pann. 291 — (Spreng ), Barrelier pi. 103 and 509, and Haller pi. 17, on the alpine summits 

 of Switzerland (Pers.); by Wahlenberg, on the Carpathians and in Lapland, and is known to grow on 

 mountain-summits in Silesia (A. Dec.) ; was observed by Pallas on alpine summits in Daouria. 

 Westward, by Hooker on Iceland ; and is known to grow in Labrador (Wats.). 



Arabis alpina of Subarctic climates. Vernal, and termed "draba altera " by Clusius pann. 462, 



"hesperis alpina seu muralis minor repens " by Bauhin hist. ii. 118, "turritis verna" by Desfon- 



taines and known to grow in the Arctic region and on mountains farther South (C. Bauhin pin. 109, 

 Tourn. inst. 221, fl. Dan. pi. 62, Pers., and A. Dec): observed by Linnaeus frequent on the moun- 

 tains of Lapland ; by Boiss, on the mountains of Spain ; by Desfontaines ii. 92, in Barbary ; by Gre r 

 nier and Godron, on the mountains of Corsica ; by Hawkins, on the mountains of Crete (Sibth.) ; by 

 Bieberstein, on Caucasus ; and by Pallas, at 67° on the Oby. Westward, by Hooker in Iceland, and 

 received by him from Greenland and Labrador. 



Loiseleuria procumbens of the Arctic region and alpine summits farther South. Observed by 



Clusius 58; by myself, in the alpine region of Switzerland; known to grow also on the Pyrenees 



(A. Dec), the mountains of Scotland, the Feroe Islands (Martins), and Scandinavian peninsula as far 



