OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 909 



"medicamenta" (....); "rhus coriariorum '' {Rhus glabra) ; the herb "wassewowr" (....) 

 cooked, small and slender roots called "chappacor" (....), and the bark of the " tangomocko- 

 minclge '| tree (....), furnishing the natives with different red dyes ; " kaishucpenauk," a white root 

 of the size and shape of a hen's egg, cooked and eaten by the natives but the flavour not agreeable 

 ( , . . . ) ; " cocushaw," a root growing in marshes, poisonous until dried and prepared by the natives, 

 when it is pulverized and made into bread {Caladium (Xanihosoma) sagittifolium) ; " habascon," a 

 hot root in size and form like " pastinacae," not eaten by itself but cooked with other food {Angelica 

 lucida) ; " allia," growing in many places and much like the English, eaten by ourselves but not by 

 the natives (A. Canadense) ; " nuces regias " in the greatest abundance, occupying a third part of the 

 forest for many miles and of two kinds, one having a nut in taste and form differing little from the 

 English but its shell thicker and harder (Carya sulcata), the other with a hard and rough bark and a 

 large sweet oleaginous nucleus which is pounded into a rhilky juice and mixed in the native cookery 

 (Juglans nigra) ; "mora" and other similar fruits such as we have in England (Rubus sp.) ; five 

 kinds of berries or nuts growing on as many different trees, the " sagatemener " ( . . . . ), " osamener " 

 (. . . . ), and "pummuckoner" ( . . ), the three from which oil is obtained ; the fourth, "sapum- 

 mener," cooked and squeezed having the taste of chestnuts and sometimes made into bread ( . . . . ) ; 

 ^'abietes " large and lofty for masts of ships (Pinus tceda); "rakiock," a large tree furnishing canoes, 

 its timber valuable and easily worked (Liriodcndron tulipifera) ; " aquifolia, ad viscum" (Ilex opaca); 

 "sahces" suitable for making fish-baskets (Salix nigra), although the natives employ only " arundi- 

 nibus " which are " firmae et lentae," (A rundinaria macrosperma) ; "fagi" (Fagus ferruginea) and 

 "iraxini" (Fraxinus platycarpa), suitable for making buckets and hoops; "ulmi" (Ulmus a la la) ; 

 dwellings covered with mats in great part of " scirpo " (Scirpus lacustris) ; and among animals, 

 " mustelae odoratas " (Mephitis Americana), and the " seekanauk" (according to the figure Limulus 

 Americamis). 



"Aug. 6th" (Asher edit. Huds., and Churchill coll.), John Davis, seeking a Northwest Passage 

 in the Strait (that bears his name), arriving at "66° 40' N. : " turning and following the American 

 coast, he discovered an opening "on the nth," named it Cumberland Strait, and returned in safety 

 " Sept. 30th." — His Second voyage, in the following year, was interrupted by a mutiny, but he dis- 

 covered Davis' Inlet and Tovuctoke Inlet, and traded with the natives "for seals, sta°s " (Cervus 

 rangiferinus), "white hares skins" (Lepus Grcenlandicus), "dried fish and some fowl." On the 

 "30th June, 1587," on his Third voyage, he reached "72 12', nearly four degrees farther north '' in 

 the Strait than any preceding navigator. 



"The same year" (Anders, ii. p. 2ri, and S. F. Haven -archaeol. Amer. iv. p. 260), Antwerp 

 captured and sacked by the duke of Parma : revolutionizing the whole system of European commerce, 

 and rendering English trade independent: for "one-third part of the merchants and workmen who 

 worked and dealt in silks, damasks, and taffeties, and in bayes, says, serges, stockings, etc., settled in 

 England." 



" 1586 A. D." (Kaempf. iv. 5, and art de verif.), under Fide-josi, edict against Christians : — 

 who from this time were persecuted in Japan. 



"The same year" (Hakluyt, Churchill coll., and Holmes), Spanish settlements in the West 

 Indies plundered by Francis Drake, in "a fleet of twenty sail" fitted out by "private adventurers." 

 On his way home, Drake slopped "June 9th" off Roanoke Island; and finding the colonists "in 

 distress for want of provision," offered a passage to England: the invitation was accepted. "Within 

 fourteen or fifteen days" after the ships had left, arrival of Richard Greenville with supplies. Not 

 finding the colonists and " unwilling to lose possession of the country," Greenville left "fifteen of his 

 crew" upon Roanoke Island, "with provisions for two years." 



"The same year," Joseph Acosta vii. 3 visiting Mexico.* He enumerates as introduced from 

 Spain into Tropical America: " let uce, radishes, onions, garlic, parsley, turneps, parseneps, becen- 

 genes or apples of love" {Solatium melongena), "siccorie" (Cichorium), "beets, spinage, peaches, 

 apples, peares, a few plumbs, figges, qtcinces, cherries, pomegranats, almonds rarely, vines, olives, 

 mulberries, and sugar-cane. 



"In this year" (Spreng.), Camerarius publishing his Epitome, enumerating "trifolium cornicu- 

 latum" Rauwolf. Lotus ornithopodioides h. pi. 25 (Schmied. ed. G. i. fig. to), Getitiana imbricata 

 hort. pi. 15, Eryngium amethystinum h. 58, Bupleurum longifolium h. pi. 38, Cachrys dichotoma 



* Caryocar bittyrosum of Guayana. The "chachapoyas almonds," growing only in the country 

 of that name and on high trees, oily according to J. Acosta 26 and fatter than those of Spain, the husk 

 somewhat bigger and more pricking than chestnut, — may be compared : C. butyrosum was observed 

 by Aublet i. pi. 238 a forest-tree in Guayana; and from transported specimens is termed " castanea 

 peruviana" by Clusius hist. i. 8 (Spreng). 



