OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 913 



pean colonists, has been carried to Northeast America, observed by Oakes adventive in " Essex 

 county, Massachusetts " (A. Gray). 



" In this year" (Pall. trav. ii. 521), building of a small fort opposite the junction of the Tobol 

 with the Irtich ; the commencement of the city of Tobolsk. 



" July 22d " (Hakl., Churchill coll., and Holmes), under instructions from Walter Raleigh, arrival 

 at Hatteras of " one hundred and seventeen " colonists, with John White as governor. The " fifteen 

 English " left on Roanoke Island had been attacked by the natives, some slain, and the remainder 

 compelled to depart in their boat : the new colonists were however landed, a grandchild, Virginia 

 Dare, the first Anglo-American, was born to the governor •' Aug. 18th " (note by Major), and at the 

 solicitation of the colonists he sailed on the " 27th " for England for supplies. — Returning after three 

 years, governor White learned from an "inscription on a tree,'' that the colonists were removed to 

 Croatoan ; a native village South of Hatteras. The abandoned colonists as afterwards appeared, 

 were slaughtered by order of the aboriginal chief Powhatan ; " seven " of them remaining alive until 

 the settling of Jamestown in 1607 (Strachey trav. Virgin.). 



" The same year (= 2247th of Synmu," art de verif ), abdication of Ookimatz in favour of his 

 grandson Go-josei, now dairo of Japan. 



" 1588 A. D." (Blair), invention of bombs ; cannon-balls made hollow and filled with gunpowder. 



"July 27th " (Alst. p. 313, and Blair), the formidable armada fleet of Philip II. of Spain, defeated 

 and dispersed by the English under Francis Drake. 



"Sept. 9th" (Alst. p. 313, and Churchill coll.), after plundering Spanish settlements on the West 

 coast of America, and thence continuing West, Thomas Candish arriving in England completed the 

 Third circumnavigation of the Globe. 



Pterocarpus draco of the Northern extreme of South America. A tree thirty feet high growing 

 near Carthagena, exuding from the bark drops of red juice that soon harden, and are collected and 

 exported under the name of dragon's blood: — observed also by Jacquin amer. pi. 183, but at the time 

 of his visit to Carthagena, the commerce had nearlv ceased. 



" In this year " (Spreng.), Io. Bapt. Porta publishing his Phytognom. — He died "in 1615." 



" In this year" (Spreng.), Tabernajmontanus publishing his Krauterbuch or Icones plant, enu- 

 merating Holosteum umbellatum 543, Salvia Hispanica 764, Scirpus Tabernamontani 566, Polyc- 

 nemum arvense 57, DipsaCus laciniatits 107 1, Galium lucidnm 434, Cniditim Pyrenaeum 304, Linum 

 Austriacum 1207, Juncus sylvatiacs 535, Dianthus pinifolius 668, Scleranthus perennis 1217, 

 Stellaria alsine 1089, Erodium pimpinellifolium 123, Geranium radicatwn 124, Spartium tnultiflo- 

 rum 1509, Hieracium sylvaticum 505, Crepis virens 491, and C. Nemaurensis 492. — He died "in 

 1590,'' and the work was completed "in 1592." 



Cerastitim arvense of Northern climates. Termed "holosteum caryophyllaeum " by Tabernae- 

 montanus pi. 233, — " myosotis arvensis subhirsuta flore majore " by Tournefort inst. 245, and known 

 to grow from Sweden throughout middle Europe (C. Bauh., fi. Dan. pi. 626, Curt. lond. vi. pi. 29, and 

 Pers.) : observed by Linnaeus in Sweden, on sandy hills as far as Scania; by Vaillant pi. 30, near Paris ; 

 by Sibthorp, on mount Athos. Westward, according to Hooker, grows throughout Canada to the 

 Rocky mountains, and was observed by Menzies near the mouth of the Columbia; according to Chap- 

 man, grows in " rocky or dry soil, chiefly in the upper districts " of our Southern States ; observed by 

 myself at Riviere du Loup on the Lower St. Lawrence, also near Boston and Philadelphia, but having 

 the aspect of an introduced plant. Clearly by European colonists was carried to Mendoza, at the 

 elevation of " five thousand feet" in Austral America (Wats.). 



Cerastium aquaticum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Tabernamon- 

 tanus 1089 — (Spreng.) ; termed "alsine major" by C. Bauhin pin. 350, "a. maxima solanifolia" by 

 Mentzel pi. 1, and Tournefort inst. 242, and known to grow in watery places from Sweden throughout 

 middle Europe (Curt. lond. i. pi. 34, and Pers ) : observed by Linnaeus in dripping woods in Sweden ; 

 by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, from Crete and the Peloponnesus to mount Athos and the Bithynian 

 Olympus. 



Vicia dumetorum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Termed " cracca maior" by 



Dalechamp 892 (Spreng.), "v. sylvatica maxima piso similis" by Bauhin hist. ii. 315, " v. s. m. 



piso sylvestri similis " by Tournefort inst. 398, and known to grow in woods and thickets throughout 

 middle Europe (C. Bauh. pin. 385, Ray hist. 900, and Pers.) : observed by Leche in Scania in 

 Sweden (Linn.) ; by Sprengel fl. hal. pi. 7, in Germany; by Sestini, in the environs of Constanti- 

 nople (Sibth.). , , , ~r 



Epilobium parviflorum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Descrued by Tabernae- 

 montanus 1237 — (Spreng.) ; termed "lysimachia siliquosa hirsuta parvo flore " by Bauhin prodr. 116 

 and C. Bauhin pin. 245, " chamaenerion villosum majus parvo flore" by Tournefort inst. 303, " e. 

 pubescens" by Roth, and known to grow throughout middle Europe (fi. Dan. pi. 347, Curt. lond. ii. 

 pi. 22, and Pers.) : observed by Linnaeus in Sweden ; by Hoffmann, in Germany ; by Sibthorp, and 



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