9I4 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



Chaubard, from the Peloponnesus to Constantinople. By European colonists was carried to North- 

 east America, observed by myself in the streets of Newport R. I. .. ,jr ■ t , V 



Helianthus annum var. The first " corona solis " of Tabernaemontanus „. 466 -is referred by 

 Spren^el to " H. Indicus ; " described by Linnaeus mant. p. 117; by Persoon, as hardly a foot high, 

 and cultivated in Egypt ; observed there in gardens by Clot-Bey and F.gan.* 



/ 'erbasaau lychnitis of middle Europe. The white mullan is termed " v. album 2 by Tabernae- 

 montanus pi. 564, -"v. lychnitis flore albo parvo " by C. Bauhin pin 240, and is known to grow m 

 calcareous soil from Sweden throughout middle Europe (Engl. bot. pi. 58, and Pers.) : was observed 

 by Linnaeus as far as Scania in Sweden. By European colonists was carried to Northeast America 

 occurring according to A. Gray along " road-sides, Pennsylvania, rare, and sandy fields at the head 

 of Oneida Lake ; " according to Muhlenberg, in " Carolina " (Chapm.). 



Veronica arvensh of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Tabernaemon- 

 tanus 1089, — and Columna phyt. pi. 8 (Spreng.) ; termed " alsine veronicas folns fiosculis cauhcuhs 

 adhaerentibus " by C. Bauhin pin. 250, "v. fiosculis adhaerentibus" by Monson 11. 321 (Linn.), and 

 Tournefort inst. 145 : known to occur in waste and cultivated ground throughout middle Europe 

 (Oed. Dan. 515, Curt. lond. ii. pi. 2, and Pers.) ; observed by Linnaeus, frequent in Sweden; by 

 Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in cultivated ground from Constantinople to Cyprus and the Peloponnesus. 

 By European colonists, was carried to Northeast America, observed in " cultivated grounds, rather 

 common" (A. Gray) in our Middle States, and in "cultivated ground" in our Southern States 

 (Chapm.). , 



Crepis Dioscoridis of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. An annual termed • hieracium 

 maior" by Tabernaemontanus — (Spreng.), " h. majus erectum angustifolium caule laevi " by Tourne- 

 fort inst. 469, and " c. lacera " by Tenore as observed in Italy (Chaub. ) ; known to grow from France 

 and Germany to Siberia (Pers.) ; and observed by Sibthorp, and Chaubard, in cultivated ground in 

 the Peloponnesus and other parts of Greece. 



Athyrium filix-fcemina of Northern climates. Called in Britain lady fern, a translation from 

 the Latin (Prior): termed "filix petraea faemina prima" by Tabernaemontanus pi. 793, — "f. non 

 ramosa petiolis tenuissimis et tenuissime dentatis " by Tournefort inst. 537, and known to grow 

 throughout middle Europe (Moris, iii. 4. pi. 3, Pluk. phyt. pi. 130, Ray angl. iii. 121, and Engl. bot. 

 pi. 1459) : observed by Linnaeus in Lapland and Sweden ; by Sibthorp, in moist shady places in 

 Greece. Westward, by myself from 47 30' on the Lower St. Lawrence to 40 along the Atlantic ; 

 by A. Gray, "common" in central New York ; by Chapman, in "low shady woods, Florida to Mis- 

 sissippi ; " by Nuttall, on the Arkansas. 



" 1589 A. D." (Alst. p. 234), Henri III. of France assassinated by a monk. 



"1590 A. D." (Alst. p. 313), Paris besieged by Henry IV. of France. "The same year" 

 (chron. edit, by Michelant), he appointed the marquis de la Roche governor of the French possessions 

 in America, from " Lat. 4 to 52 ." 



" In this year " (Spreng., and Winckler), Io. Wigand publishing his Herb. Boruss., enumerating 

 Glaux maritima. 



" About this time " (Humb. cosm. ii.), the compound microscope invented in Holland by Zacharias 

 Jansen and his father Hans. 



At this time (Winckler), J. Jungermann, nephew of Camerarius, journeying in the East, meeting 

 with . . . . — He died at Corinth " in 1591." 



" 1591 A. D." (N. Shaw edit. Champl. p. xi), vessels under Che'dotel sent by the marquis de la 

 Roche to form a settlement in Canada. Arriving at Sable Island, seventeen persons were sent on 

 shore and abandoned, — who after subsisting " seven years" on fish and "cattle which they found 

 wild in considerable numbers,'' were brought away by Che'dotel ; he receiving half of the "black fox 

 skins" and other property collected. (The cattle according to Champlain were derived from the 

 wreck of a Spanish ship, see Baron de Lery.) 



" 1592 A. D." (Purchas, and Holmes), by Juan de Fuca, a Greek in the Spanish service, sailing 

 along the West coast of America, a strait discovered " in the forty-eighth degree of north latitude ; " 

 the same that has received his name. 



* Helianthus mitltijiorus of Northeast America. A slender species of sunflower, transported 

 from "Virginia," to Europe (Pers.), is the fourth "corona solis" of Tabernaemontanus ii. 466 — 

 (Spreng.), is clearly described by Plukenet phyt. 159, Tournefort inst. 489, Linnaeus, and Jussieu. 

 Westward, H. decapetalus (regarded as identical) is figured by Josselyn rar. pi. 62 ; is known to 

 grow from Quebec to the Saskatchewan (Hook.) ; was observed by Pursh from Canada to Virginia ; 

 by myself, throughout New England; by Nuttall, as far as 40 in New Jersey ; by Schweinitz, at 36° 

 in Upper Carolina; by Elliot, and Chapman, on the mountains of Georgia ; by A. Gray, " common " 

 in central New York ; by Short, in Kentucky. 



