gi 6 CHRONOLOGICAL ARRANGEMENT 



after touching the eye," and its seeds "a violent drastic dangerous purgative" (Lindl.). By Euro- 

 pean colonists, has been recently introduced into Hindustan, observed by Graham, and myself, in 

 gardens at Bombay. 



Cyperus articulates of Tropical America. A tall leafless rush observed and described by Her- 

 nandez 33 — (Spreng.) ; seen by Sloane pi. 8i on Jamaica, and known to grow as far as Cumana and 

 Truxil'lo (Kunth) ; observed by Elliot at Ogeechee in Georgia; by Chapman, in "marshes near the 

 coast, Florida to South Carolina." Possibly through European colonists carried to the opposite 

 coast of Equatorial Africa (R. Brown, and Benth.), observed by Grant along " Nile edges 2° N.," by 

 Forskal, and Delile, in wet situations in Lower Egypt ; to Madagascar (A. de Jussieu) ; and to Hin- 

 dustan (Pers., Del., and A. Dec). 



" 1594 A. D." (Asher edit. Huds. p. cxxxvii), Willem Barents, sailing from Amsterdam, followed 

 the coast of Nova Zembla to the Orange Islands beyond, and rounded its Northeastern extremity — 

 (an exploit that has been repeated only by Barents himself, two years afterwards). Returning to the 

 Southern extreme of Nova Zembla, on the "24th Aug. N. S. 1595," he obtained information of the 

 sea beyond from the Samoieds, and "Sept. isffrom a Russian " lodie or barke ; " and landing 

 " Sept. 9th " on " the south end of the States Hand, where the crosse standeth," ascertained that 

 there is no tide (Purchas v. iii. 51S). 



"In the beginning of this year" (Dallat 2), the Japanese army in Corea, consisting chiefly of 

 Christians, joined by the Jesuit P. Gregorio de Cespedes, who remained nearly a year. 



"The same year" (Pauth. 400), the Japanese, after capturing various cities, repelled by the 

 native Coreans aided by Chinese troops. — On application, the emperor Chin-tsoung II. in the fol- 

 lowing year, granted the title " Ji-pen-wang, king of Japan ; " but prohibited the Japanese ruler from 

 sending ambassadors to China. 



"Dec. 19th" (Blair), expulsion of the Jesuits from France. — The prohibition continued nine 

 years. 



"The same year" (Spreng.), Honorius Bellus in Crete writing to Clusius,* enumerating Plan- 

 tago Cretica, and "gaiderothymo " Stachys spitwsa. 



Fagonia Cretica of the North African Desert. Called in Yemen "schoaeka" or " schouki " 

 (Forsk.) ; sent by Honorius Bellus, — and termed "trifolium spinosum creticum " prodr. 142: 

 observed by Forskal in Yemen; by Delile, not far from Cairo, growing in the Desert; by Desfon- 

 taines, near Mascar in Algeria (Pers.). 



"In this year" (Wislizen., and Humb. cosm. v.), settlements in New Mexico, North from Zaca- 

 tecas, first planned by the viceroy Juan de Onate. 



'595 A. D. (="1585-)- 10 years," art de verif.), Fide-josei, having established his authority 

 over the local princes and fixed his seat of government at Jedo, meditating the expulsion of foreigners 

 from Japan. 



"March 2zd " (Hakl., and Holmes), arrival of Walter Ralegh in Trinidad. Leaving his ships 

 there, he proceeded in boats "four hundred miles" up the Orinoco, and returned: and on his way 

 to England was prevented by adverse winds from reaching Hatteras, to search for the lost colony. 

 .i< "June nth" (De Morga 42 and 220), Dr. Antonio de Morga, appointed '•lieutenant-general 

 of the Philippines," arriving in the port of Cabit. — He left Manila for .Mexico "July loth, 1603." 



In various parts of Luzon, according to De Morga 267 and 306, are "natives of a black colour, 

 with 'cabellos de pasas ' tangled hair" (Negrillos), "not very tall in stature," who "have no houses 

 nor settled dwellings ; they go in troops and bivouac in the mountains and craggy ground, changing 

 their abode according to the season," " maintaining themselves with some little tillage, and sowing 

 of rice, which they do temporarily, and with the game which they shoot with their bows," also "with 

 the mountain honey, and roots which grow in the earth. They are barbarous people with whom there 

 is no security, inclined to murder, and to attack the towns of the other natives, where they do great 

 mischief without its having been possible to take measures to prevent them, nor to reduce them to 

 subjection, nor bring them to a state of peace, although it is always attempted by good or evil means, 

 as opportunity or necessity demands." 



Other natives of the Philippines wash their hair "with the boiled rind of a tree," which they 



* Hides (Grossulana) lurtclla of Northeast America. The purple gooseberry transported to 

 Leyden, seen in this year and termed "grossularia spinosa fruct. purpurasc " by Clusius — rar i 8c 

 Westward, was observed by Michaux along the Saguenay (Pers.) ; by myself, from 47 30' on' the 

 Lower St. Lawrence to 42 along the Atlantic ; by Pursh, from Canada to the Alle-hanies of Vir- 

 ginia ; according to A. Gray, grows from " New England to Wisconsin, common • " and " G saxosa " 

 according to Hooker, from Boston to the Saskatchewan. Under cultivation, G. hirtella in our cli- 

 mate succeeds better than the European species. 



