OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 917 



"gogo" (Entada scandens): and "before the Spaniards entered the country' wore "coats of 

 gan without collars," " coming a little below the waist, some blue, others black, and a few of colours 



call 

 cangan 



for the chief men ; " and " a coloured wrapper," the "feet unshod, the head uncovered, anVa narrow 

 cloth wrapped round it." 



Among the fruit trees are "sanctores" {Citrus Sinensis), "tamarinds" (Tamarindus Indica); 

 in the province of Caganan, " chestnut trees which give fruit " (Castanea Morgai) ; and in other 

 parts ^pine trees," * other "trees which give very large pine-nuts, with a strong smell and pleasant 

 taste " called " piles " (Canarium album) ; " bejucos " with which they make inclosures for capturing 

 fish, also "cables and other cordage for their vessels" (Calamus usitatus) ; "a green fruit like wal- 

 nuts," pickled and called "paos" (Mangifira altissima) ; "much cachumba, instead of saffron and 

 other spices" (....). "In all these islands there were no temples, nor public houses for the 

 worship of idols, but each person made and kept in his own his anitos : " prayers for the sick were 

 offered by a few old men and women called " catalonas : " and " they buried their dead in their own 

 houses." 



_ "July 21st" (Churchill coll., Dalrymple, and Quiros in De Morga 65), by Alvaro de Mendana, 

 sailing from Peru with a colony, an island discovered, one of four inhabited by very large, handsome, 

 and tattooed people : "on the west side of Sta. Christina" (Waitahu) "in o£° " S. Lat., "a good port 

 was found, in which the fleet anchored : " " in the way of victuals " were seen "pigs and kens, sweet 

 canes' 1 (Saccharum officinale), very good plantains (Musa paradisica), a "fruit' like chestnuts in 

 savour but much larger than six chestnuts " (Artocarpus incisa), "nuts with a very hard shell which 

 were very oily " (Inocarpus edulis), and "pumpkins of Castille sown in the ground" (Lagenaria 

 vulgaris). Leaving " Aug. 5th " for the " west, to the south-west, or north-west, a matter of four hun- 

 dred leagues," on the " 20th " in " iof " S., " we saw lour low islands, with sandy beaches, full of many 

 palms and woods ; " " all four may have a circuit of twelve leagues," and we named them " St. Bernard." 

 Continuing Westward, never rising above ii° or going below io°, on the "29th" we "discovered a 

 round islet, which might be a league round, all surrounded by reefs," and named it " Solitary Island ; " 

 it is "in ro|°" S., and will be "one thousand five hundred and thirty-five leagues from Lima." On 

 the "eve of our Lady in September, at midnight, we saw an island which might have a circuit of from 

 ninety to a hundred leagues," and " will be a thousand eight hundred leagues from Lima ; " we named 

 it "Santa Cruz," and "the ships came to anchor in the northern" part "in io°" S., about seven 

 leagues from an active volcano ; in addition to the above-named esculents, were seen " one, two, or 

 three kinds of roots like sweet potatoes, which they eat roast and boiled, and make 'buyos' with it" 

 (Batatas edulis and Dicscorea sp. ?), " two kinds of good almonds " ( Jer/ninalia catappa), " two kinds 

 of pine nuts" ( . . . ), "muchos bledos " (Euxolus viridis), "a very strongly scented sweet basil" 

 (Ocymum), "and coloured flowers" which "they keep in the gardens" (Amaranthus tricolor), "and 

 two other species of another sort also coloured " (Codiaum variegatum), a " fruit on high trees, like 

 pippins" (Jambosa Malaccensis), "great quantity of ginger which grows there without its being 

 cultivated" (Zingiber zeiumbet), "much yerba chiquilite with which they make indigo" ( . . .) 

 "agave trees" (Pandanus fitrcatus), "and a great deal of sagia" (Cycas circinalis) ; the people 

 " are black" (Papuan or Negrillo). " Oct. 17th " a "total eclipse of the moon," and on the " iSth " 

 Mendana died; much sickness ensued, many died, and "Nov. 18th" the island was abandoned. 

 After "two days," the chief pilot Quiros was ordered to "shape the course" for Manila; — and 

 "Jan. 14th," the flagship arrived in sight of Cape Espiritu Santo. 



* Pimts Morgai of Northern Luzon. A tree called in Ylocano "saleng" (Blanco); and from 

 early times, used for torches : — clearly the " pine trees " in question ; and according to Blanco 

 growing in Ylocos, Zambales, and other localities in Northern Luzon. 



Mimosa acle of the Philippines. A large unarmed tree called in Tagalo "acle" (Blanco) ; and 

 from early times, employed in house building, and its bark for washing, like the "gogo," but inferior 

 in quality: — observed by Blanco in the environs of Manila. 



Pterocarpics pallidtis of the Philippines. A large tree called in Tagalo "asana,"in Bisaya and 

 Camarines "naga" or " narra," in Pampango "daitanag" (Blanco) ; and from early times emplojed 

 medicinally, and its timber for ca'binet-work : — "a finely coloured wood" called "asana" is enu- 

 merated by De Morga 275 ; and P. pallidus according to Blanco grows on all the islands. 



Diospyros multiflora of the Philippines. A tree called in Tagalo " canomoi " or "canomai" 

 (Blanco) ; its poisonous fruit known from early times, said to kill fish, and cause the crocodile to 

 quit the water: — observed by Blanco. 



Diospyros pilosanthera of the Philippines. A tree; its hard wood known from early times, and 

 its fruit eaten : — "ebony, one kind finer than another " is enumerated by De Morga 275, and accord- 

 ing to Blanco the wood of all the Philippine species more or less resembles ebony: D. pilosanthera 

 was observed by him on the Philippines. 



