OF ACCOMPANYING ANIMALS AND PLANTS. 



923 



Allium flavum of Europe and the adjoining portion of Asia. Described by Clusius hist. 194 — 

 (Spreng.), and Rudbeck elys. ii. pi. 157 ; termed " a. juncifolium bicorne luteum " by Tournefort inst. 

 384 ; and known to grow from Fontairiebleau to Montpelier (Pers.) : observed by Jacquin pi. 141 in 

 Austria ; by Sibthorp, on the Greek islands. 



"March, 1602" (Strach. 154), Samuell Mace, in the employ of Sir Walter Raleigh, sailing from 

 England . but instead of examining the country around Hatteras, he visited the coast "forty leagues 

 to the so-westward" in "34 ;" procuring " saxafras " at that time "worth some three shillings the 

 lb," also " Chyna roots" (Smilax pseudo-China), "benjamin" {Benzoin odoriferum), " cassia lignea" 

 {Cassia Marilandica) , "and the rynd of the tree which growes there, more strong than any spice, 

 the vertue whereof, at length, is nowe well knowne " {Aralia spinosa). 



"May 15th" (Strachey, Purchas, and Holmes), by Bartholomew Gosnold, in making the first 

 direct passage from England West to America, a headland discovered "in the latitude of forty-two 

 degrees," and named by him "cape Cod." Following the coast Southward and soon Westward, an 

 island discovered on the "2tst," and named by him ." Martha's Vineyard" from the " nombre of 

 vynes " {Vitis labrusca). Beyond this, on another island named by him " Elizabeth," he commenced 

 a fort and settlement. The island proved to be covered with "oaks, ashes, beech, walnut, witch- 

 hazel" {Ulmus Americana), " sassafrage and cedars" {Juniperus Virginiana), "with divers others 

 of unknown names ; '' also " wild pease " (Pisum maritimum), " young sassafrage " {Sassafras offi- 

 cinale), "cherry-trees, gooseberry-bushes" {Ribes hirtellum), "hawthorn" {Crataegus coccinea), 

 " honeysuckles " {Azalea viscosa), " with others of the like quality ; " besides " strawberries " {Fra- 

 garia Virginiana), "rasps" {Rubus strigostis), "eglantine" {Rosa lucida), "ground-nuts" {Apios 

 tuberosa), "surrin " ( .... ), " tansy " {Potentilla anserina), " etc. without count." * —Dissensions 

 arising, the whole party "June 18th" sailed for home. 



" 1603, March 24th " (Bl lir, and Nicol. p 339), Elizabeth queen of England succeeded by James 

 VI. of Scotland. Thereby uniting the two kingdoms, under the general title "Great Britain." 



" May " (Churchill coll., and chron. edit, by Michelant), anchoring at Tadoussac, Samuel Cham- 

 plain continued up the St. Lawrence to the rapids, " getting information of several great lakes and of 

 a boundless sea at four hundred leagues distance westward." 



" Beginning of June " (Purchas, and Holmes), arrival of Martin Pring with two small vessels on 

 the American coast, "between the forty-third and forty-fourth degrees of north latitude, among a 

 multitude of islands." Following the coast South, in search of sassafras, he entered a large sound ; 

 and on the North side, " in the latitude of forty-one degrees and odde minutes," built a hut and enclosed 

 it with a barricade ; where some of the party kept guard while others collected sassafras in the woods. 

 The natives were treated with kindness, and the last of the two vessels departed well freighted on - 

 the "9th of August." 



" The same year" (art de verif.), Mohammed III. succeeded by Achmed or Achmet, sixteenth 

 Turkish sultan. 



" The same year " (Spreng.), the Academia Lynceorum, the earliest literary and scientific associa- 

 tion, founded by Fridericus Csesius of Rome. 



-jr" 1604, May 6th " (Churchill coll., Charlev., and Holmes), arrival in Acadie of De Monts, with 

 two ships. Doubling Cape Sable, he entered an extensive bay ; and on the East side, found a harbor 

 which he named Port Royal, and settled there some of his men. On the West side of the Bay, he 

 discovered a great river which he called St. John; and proceeding thence "southwesterly twenty 

 leagues," he wintered on an island which he called St. Croix. 



•' The same year " (Humb. cosm. ii.), sudden appearance in the foot of the constellation Ophiucus 

 of a star of more than the first magnitude. The star soon disappeared, — and from this time, no new 

 star of the first or second magnitude has made its appearance in the heavens. 



"The same year" (M. Russell p. 273), the Abyssinian king Za Denghel converted to Catholicism 

 by the Jesuit Peter Paez, and the observance of Saturday or the Jewish sabbath prohibited. The 

 Abyssiniaus revolting, Za Denghel was overpowered and slain, and Yacob was restored as king. 



"1605, May" (Strachey, and Slafter), Capt. Georg Weymouth sailing along the coast from 

 Cape Cod as far as the Sachadehoc (Kennebec). He continued sailing "very neere forty miles" up 

 the river which he found " virged with a greene border of grasse " and a noble growth of timber, the 



* Thaspium aureum of Northeast America. A yellow-flowered Umbelliferous plant, perhaps the 

 "alexander" seen by Gosnold on Elizabeth Islands, — and the " alexanders which grow upon rocks 

 by the seashore " seen by Josselyn 45 farther North in New England : T. aureum was received by 

 Hooker from Quebec and Lake Huron ; was observed by myself from 44 throughout New England ; 

 by A. Gray, " not rare" in central New York; by Pursh, from Pennsylvania to Carolina; by Elliot, 

 in South Carolina ; by Chapman, in " Florida, and northward." 



